摘要
季节性是旅游固有的特征。季节性影响需求波动,因此是旅游学者和实践操作部门长久以来关注的内容。季节性会对经济、社会文化和自然环境带来各种影响。如何应对其负面影响,利用其积极影响是学者和实践操作者所关心的内容。文章从国外对旅游季节性的定义及产生原因,旅游季节性的形式及影响,应对旅游季节性的政策,旅游季节性的空间差异,旅游季节性的衡量方法等五方面进行了回顾,最后对其研究进行评论并指出其对中国研究的借鉴意义。
Seasonality is the intrinsic characteristics of tourism. Many tourist destinations are suffering from this phenomenon every year, so tourism strategies from public and private sectors place considerable emphasis both on extending the existing tourist season and on developing new markets for off-peak season. Season- ality is described as a temporal imbalance in tourism, and may be expressed in terms of visitors number, the expenditure of visitors, all forms of transportation, employment and admission to attractions. Seasonality impacts on all aspects of supply-side behaviour in tourism, including marketing, the labour market, business finance, stakeholder management, and all aspects of operations. Therefore, it is widely seen as a ＂problem＂ to be ＂tackled＂ at policy, marketing and operational level. Specific problems include a longer season to gain enough profit to pay capital costs, lack of labour in the peak season, high unemployment in off-season. However, some researchers think that, in certain circumstances, seasonality in demand offers opportunities to rural tourist destinations where tourism jobs frequently complement other areas of traditional employment such as forestry, fishing or agriculture. Much attention has been paid and much effort has been made to overcome seasonality in tourism. There are different ways in reducing seasonality, such as launching additional seasons, diversifying markets, reducing prices and providing off-season activities. Although seasonality may be an almost universal characteristic of tourism, it varies considerably in different places. To describe the nature of seasonality and analyse the importance of seasonality, researchers have developed many measures such as seasonality indicator, Gini coefficient for describing characteristic of seasonality and models such as time series approaches, modern econometric ways for tourism demand forecasting.
出处
《人文地理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第1期12-17,共6页
Human Geography
基金
上海市教委教育创新基地项目(CLA601LW003)
关键词
旅游季节性
旅游需要
自然性因素
体制性因素
衡量方法
seasonality in tourism
tourism demand
natural factor
institutionalised factor
measurement of seasonality
