摘要
从观念结构的角度出发,作者认为观念结构有两个面向:共时性和历时性。共时性如同一副全景式的画面,能够同时看到不同权力实体——国家或帝国——的相对地位,而历时性关注的是世界权力性质的结构性变化。对于参与国际关系的国家和其他实体而言,它们包括了"内部"和"外部"两个方面。新现实主义所见到的"外部"由人口、资源、军事能力以及经济能力组成,"内部"则包括现实生活、思维本质和社会,而国家只是社会的一种表现方式。中国和西方的历史经验对塑造世界秩序产生了各自的影响。源于二元论思想的西方传统一方面导致了实证主义的产生并成为当时思想的主流,另一方面又引起了有关文明上升、衰落以及可能重生的历史主义和周期论。中国传统的世界观一方面与所谓的"英国学派"在某些方面有交集之处,也在一定程度上得益于历史主义传统;另一方面,由于中国近年来经济的快速增长和社会结构的变化,这也可能助长了中国国内美国式的实证主义和进步信念的发展。
From the perspective of mental structures, the author figured out that there are two dimensions to these structures of thought: the synchronic and the diachronic. The synchronic sees the relative positions of the different power entities – states or empires-a photographic picture, while the diachronic dimension focuses upon structural change in the nature of world power over time. There is an 'inside' as well as an 'outside' to the states or other entities that are involved in international relations. The 'outside' which neo-realism sees consists of population, resources, military capabilities, and economic strength. The 'inside' is the living, thinking substance and society, of which the state is an expression. The historical experience from China and the West had their impact on shaping the world order. The Western traditions, flowing from the 18th century duality in thought, on the one hand, led to positivism; and on the other, to historicism and a cyclical view the rise, fall and possible rebirth of civilizations. There may perhaps be grounds for seeing a convergence in some respects between the traditional Chinese outlook and the so-called 'British school', which inherits much from the historicist tradition. On the other hand, the rapid economic growth and change in social structure of recent years is encouraging an American-style positivism and belief in Progress in China.
出处
《世界经济与政治》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第3期110-115,共6页
World Economics and Politics
关键词
观念结构
世界秩序
方式
mental structures, world order, historical approach
