摘要
梁漱溟和钱穆都以人生为切入点,对东西文化进行了比较,并按照不同的人生态度将文化区分为三种类型,提出了"文化三路向"说。二人对于文化起源的不同理解,主要来源于学术背景的不同,但二人的终极关怀都是一致的,即在传统的权威性逐渐失效和价值日益多元化的时代潮流冲击下,中国文化将何去何从。对中国文化和世界文化的未来,二人都主张中国文化必将复兴,中国文化也须改造。在对中国文化改造的方法上,梁漱溟更强调中西文化的融合,即"内圣开外王",而钱穆则更关注中国文化的自身演进,他提出中国文化的新生不是"破旧立新"而是"据旧开新"。从这点上来说,二人的文化理想虽然是相同的,但通达理想之路是有分歧的。同是作为文化保守主义者的代表,钱穆采取了更为彻底的立场。梁钱二人的思想都有一个转变的过程。如果说在《东西文化及其哲学》中,梁漱溟所依靠的只是古人的只言片语及对社会现象和少量文章著作的感悟力,而在《中国文化要义》中,他却借鉴了不少西方当代人类文化学的理论,特别是从事实的角度来解释中西文化之不同。这种转变还表现在梁漱溟自20世纪20年代后期以来,由"书斋型"学者成为一个现实社会活动家这一事实上。梁漱溟离开北大后,便投身到乡村建设的实践之中。而钱穆晚年的思想也发生了转变,特别是"天人合一"观的提出包含了浓厚的宗教意蕴。钱穆早年倾向于从人与自然、人与人关系的角度解读"天人合一",将儒家精神理解为道德人文精神,体现出他作为史学家注重经验事实、轻视形而上学的特点。然而在晚年,钱穆对"天人合一"有了新认识,即从超越的、形而上的角度理解儒家精神,体现出浓厚的宗教内涵。这种戏剧性的倒转使我们很难再回想起他们早年的差别。
Liang Shu-ming and Qianmu both compared the western and Chinese cultures from the point of view of life. On bases of different life attitudes, they divided culture into three types and advanced the theory of＂ three ways of life＂. Although they gave different explains which come from different academic backgrounds for the source of culture , their ultimate cares are common . That is finding a way out for Chinese culture in face of the tide of losing of authority and diversified axiology. On the problem of the future of the Chinese culture, both of them insisted that Chinese culture would revive and would be rebuilt. Liang Shuming emphasized the combination of western culture and Chinese culture, but Qianmu emphasized the Chinese culture evolution. Obviously, Qianmu adopted a more conservative position. Liang Shuming and Qianmu both changed there theories. Liang Shuming became more and more practical, while Qianmu became more and more metaphysical. In the end, they walked up to the opposing beginning logic point of each other.
出处
《徐州师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
北大核心
2010年第2期78-82,共5页
Journal of Xuzhou Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
梁漱溟
钱穆
人生
文化
Liang Shuming
Qianmu
life
culture
