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从认知假设到计算分析和程序实现——一种认知语言学研究的计算范式与技术路线 被引量:5

Towards a computational paradigm and technological approach to cognitive linguistics
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摘要 本文展示一种认知语言学研究的计算范式与技术路线:首先基于语言使用是一种以知识为基础的认知过程的假设,以计算机模拟人类理解自然语言的意义为技术背景,用情境网络对特定领域的有关语言表达及其意义进行认知建模;再用逻辑表达式刻画关键性的情境要素之间的语义关系,并用语义公理来表示有关逻辑表达式之间的推导关系,从而形成概念层面的知识推理和语义计算的知识单元;然后,为有关语言现象建立词汇句法知识库,从词汇、语义和句法分布等方面对跟有关情境相对应的词汇和句式进行详细的描写,并且在情境网络、词汇—句法知识库和真实文本中的有关描述实例之间建立双向联系;最后,形成完整的词汇语义计算的知识平台,再应用到有关的自然语言处理系统中。文章还通过"领属转移"这个实例,对情境网络和词汇句法知识库的开发过程进行简要的说明;通过"亲属关系的自动推理"这个专家系统的研究和开发过程,对认知模型和情境网络、逻辑表示和语义公理、词汇—语义—句法知识库的建立、乃至算法设计和程序实现的全过程进行例示。 In this paper we propose a computational conceptualization of cognitive linguistics and construct a semantic computational platform for natural language understanding.Its technological approach mainly consists of three steps.Firstly,we form the conception unit of knowledge for logic inference and semantic computation by means of following procedures:(1)using situation networks to build the cognitive model for the meaning of the related linguistic expressions with respect to a special domain,(2)using logic formulas to describe the semantic relation among the key situation elements,and(3)using semantic axioms to represent the inference relation among the related semantic logic formulas.Secondly,we construct a lexical-syntactic knowledge base which describes the lexical,semantic,morphological and syntactic knowledge of the related lexicons with respect to the corresponding situations comprehensively.Thirdly,we build a lexical-semantic computational infrastructure by setting the bi-directional linkages among the situation networks,the lexical-syntactic knowledge base and the real text situation instances.To demonstrate the feasibility of the above computational paradigm and technological approach,we employ two cases of the development of a semantic situation network for possession-transferring domain and an expert system for Chinese kinship automatic inference.
出处 《当代语言学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2010年第2期97-114,共18页 Contemporary Linguistics
基金 国家社会科学基金项目"面向内容计算的汉语语义角色知识库的研究和建设"(批准号:07AYY004) 国家自然科学基金项目"基于情境的汉语基本事件内容分析研究"(批准号:60573185) 2007年度国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目"基于人类认知的语义知识融合 学习与计算技术"(课题编号:2007AA01Z173)的资助
关键词 认知(假设) 计算(分析) 情境(网络) 程序实现 cognitive assumption computational analysis situation networks
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参考文献25

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二级参考文献44

共引文献29

同被引文献28

  • 1袁毓林.基于认知的汉语计算语言学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,2007.
  • 2袁毓林,马辉等.汉语词类划分手册[M].北京:北京语言大学出版社:82-83.
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  • 4Anderson,R.John (1990) Cognitive Psychology and Its Implications,Third Edition,New York:W.H.Freeman and Company.
  • 5Croft,W.and Cruse,D.A.(2004) Cognitive Linguistics.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
  • 6Fauconnier,Gilles and M.Turner (2002) The Way We Think:Conceptual Blending and the Mind's Hidden Complexities.New York:Basic Books.
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  • 9Lakoff,George & Mark Johnson (1999) Philosophy in the Flesh:The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought.New York:Basic Books.
  • 10Langacker,R.W.(1987 & 1991) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar.Vol.1,Theoretical Prerequisites.Vol.2,Descriptive Application.Stanford Cal.:Stanford UniversityPress.

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