摘要
基于生态系统的渔业管理是目前全球渔业管理的新理念,其要求从海洋生态系统整体出发制定渔业管理决策,并运用多学科知识,加强各部门合作,实现资源开发与生态保护相协调。目前东海渔业管理面临着内外双重压力。对内,渔业资源因过度捕捞和海洋污染不断衰退;对外,中日、中韩渔业协定生效后,近海捕捞作业压力因大量渔船回归而进一步加大。因而,探索基于生态系统的管理对于解决东海渔业问题应该是一种有益尝试。实现基于生态系统的东海渔业管理首先在立法上应修订现有渔业法规,增加有关生态系统管理的规定。其次在实践中应采取多部门协作、促进利益相关者参与管理、建立海洋保护区和生态监控区、加强与日韩合作等措施,切实推进基于生态系统的渔业管理在东海实施。
Ecosystem-based fishery management is a new concept of international fishery management.Though ecosystem-based fishery management has no generally accepted definition, its characteristics are clear,including that resources exploitation and ecosystem protection should be reconciled as much as possible;fishery management decisions should be made on the basis of an integrated study with knowledge from a variety of subjects;different departments should cooperate with each other.The East China Sea（ECS）is one of the most fundamental fishing grounds in China.Current fishery management in the ECS is however primarily based on single fish,failing short of an integrated fishery management from the perspective of the whole marine ecosystem.Moreover,fishery management of the ECS is facing great pressures at home and abroad.On the one hand,fishery resources in the ECS are declining due to overfishing and marine pollution.For example,aquatic products become younger and smaller,with an increasingly polluted fishing ground.On the other hand,fishing pressures in coastal waters of the ECS have become heavier because of many fishery vessels returned from traditional fishing grounds like the Korea Strait and Cheju Island,and the Fishery Agreement between China and Japan as well as the Fishery Agreement between China and Korea which came into effect in the year 2000 and 2001, respectively.As such,investigating ecosystem-based management is an urgent need for resolving these problems regarding fishery management in the ECS.As for legislation,it is necessary to appropriately revise current fishery regulations.For example,ecosystem-based fishery management should be regulated in the general rules of Fishery Law.Some suggestions are given as follows.First,a fishery management coordination commission in the ECS is suggested to be established to coordinate the opinions of different departments and to realize integrated management.Second,different stakeholders should be promoted to join in fishery management to express their views in the process of fishery decision making.Therefore,they could support fishery decisions voluntarily.Third,marine protection areas and ecosystem monitoring areas should be established to protect marine ecosystems from human’s pollution and destruction and to better monitor a variety of marine disasters.Forth,China should strengthen the cooperation with Japan and Korea according to the Fishery Agreement between China and Japan,and the one between China and Korea.The joint commissions between China and Japan,and between China and Korea have been established to promote conservation and management of marine fishery resources in the ECS.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期606-611,共6页
Resources Science
基金
科技部对欧盟科技合作重点项目(编号:0710)
关键词
东海
生态系统
渔业管理
The East China Sea
Ecosystem-based management
Fishery management
