摘要
巴山山地是我国南北方过渡地区,亦是长江重要的水源涵养区,探讨该地区退耕地植被自然恢复演替过程及其物种多样性的变化规律,对于指导该地区的人工植被建设具有重要的理论价值与实际意义。采用时空互代法对巴山山地退耕地植被自然恢复过程及其物种多样性变化进行研究,结果表明:1)巴山山地退耕地植被演替依次经过1年生植被草本群落、多年生草本群落、杂灌草群落及以栓皮栎、橿子栎或栓皮栎为建群种的阔叶林群落等不同阶段,形成地带性植物群落大致需要40～50 a;2)物种多样性会随立地环境的变化有所差异,阴坡的各物种多样性指标明显高于阳坡,但其变化规律基本一致。演替初期,植被群落的物种数、Shannon-wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数相对较低,随着植被群落演替的进行,各指标均呈波浪上升趋势;当植被恢复25 a时,各多样性指数均达到最大,分别为23、2.5、0.89和0.8;到地带性植物群落阶段时,其各物种多样性指标又略有降低并趋于稳定。该结论对于充分利用植被自然恢复进行生态改善,并根据植被演替进程采取相应的人工管理措施具有重要的指导意义。
Bashan Mountains, a transition region of North and South China, is an important area of water resources retention in China. The researches on change characteristics of species diversity index and succession process of vegetation restoration on abandoned cropland are very important for artificial vegetation construction. We studied the changes of species diversity on abandoned cropland during natural restoration process of vegetation by using the methods of substituting space series for time series. Results show ： 1 ） The vegetation succession order on abandoned cropland of Bashan Mountains is annual herb community, perennial herb community, miscellaneous shrub and herb community and broadleaf forest community dominated by Quercus variabilis or Quercus variabilis and Quercus baronii, and it generally takes 40 -50 years to form this community. 2 ） Species diversity changes with the site environment. All species diversity indexes on shady slope are obviously higher than sunny slope, but nearly with the same change law. In early succession stage, species number, Shannon-wiener index,Simpson index and Pielou index are lower comparatively. With the increase of succession time, all community diversity indexes increase wavily. In the twenty-fifth year of the succession stage, species number, Shannon-wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou index reach to maximum, which are 23, 2.5, 0. 89 and 0. 8. When vegetation develops to zonal plant community, all species diversity indexes decrease a little bit, and tend to stablility. This result is very meaningful for ecological improvement by natural vegetation restoration and manual management of vegetation accoding vegetation succession process.
出处
《中国水土保持科学》
CSCD
2010年第2期99-104,共6页
Science of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973项目)"中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究"(2007CB407203)
西北农林科技大学博士科研启动项目
关键词
植被自然恢复
演替
物种多样性
退耕地
巴山
natural vegetation restoration
succession
species diversity
abandoned cropland
Bashan Mountains
