摘要
目的掌握重庆市燃煤型氟中毒病情变化和防制效果,为制定防治对策提供科学依据。方法1991～2007年在重庆市黔江(1991～2005年选3个村),巫山、彭水(2006～2007年各选2个村)作为监测点,调查3个区县每年改炉改灶进度、降氟炉灶抽查,检测粮食氟、空气氟、尿氟,检查所有8～12岁儿童氟斑牙(Dean’s法)。结果黔江、巫山、彭水改炉率分别为75.22%、38.20%、36.80%;改灶率分别为75.92%、44.29%、47.35%。1991～1995年玉米氟均值从3.29 mg/kg下降到1.15 mg/kg,辣椒氟均值从7.88 mg/kg上升到21.48 mg/kg;1996～2000年,玉米氟均值从3.15 mg/kg上升到3.94 mg/kg,辣椒氟平均值从63.20 mg/kg上升到146.05 mg/kg;2001～2005年,玉米氟均值从2.95 mg/kg上升到3.90 mg/kg,辣椒氟均值从157.95 mg/kg下降到4.48 mg/kg;2006～2007年,玉米氟平均值从1.74 mg/kg上升到1.96 mg/kg,辣椒氟平均值从7.49 mg/kg上升到21.06 mg/kg。封火期空气氟含量均值范围在(0.001 40～0.009 40)mg/L,旺火期均值范围在(0.001 60～0.005 40)mg/L。尿氟最高是1997年,几何均数为1.61 mg/L,最低是2003年,几何均数为0.53 mg/L,其中3年不在正常范围内。每一轮监测结果8～12岁儿童氟斑牙检出率、缺损率、氟斑牙指数均呈下降趋势。结论监测点病情得到下降或控制。坚持采用新技术的改炉改灶措施,加强健康教育宣传,能够降低病区氟中毒发生。
Objective To observe the change and outcome of coal-burning fluorosis in Chongqing,and provide evidence for its prevention and treatment.Methods From 1991 to 2007,three places were chosen in Chongqing city：namely,Qianjiang（1991-2005,3 villages were selected）,Wushan,Pengshui（2006-2007,2 villages were chosen） as monitoring sites.The observation included：the progress of the reform of the furnace and stove;the fluoride content after the reform;the test of food fluorine,air fluoride,urine fluoride;and the children＇s dental fluorosis（8 to 12-year-old） were inspected in all the monitoring villages yearly（Dean,s law）.Results The reform rate of furnace and cooking stoves were 75.22% in Qianjiang,75.92% by 2005.By 2007,the reform rate of furnace and cooking stoves were 38.20%,44.29% respectively in Wushan,the reform rate of furnace and cooking stove were 36.80%,47.35% respectively in Pengshui.Food inspection：from 1991 to 1995,the mean of corn fluoride was from 3.29 mg/kg down to 1.15 mg/kg,the mean of pepper fluoride was from 7.88 mg/kg to 21.48 mg/kg.From 1996 to 2000,the mean of corn fluoride was from 3.15 mg/kg to 3.94 mg/kg,the mean of pepper fluoride was from 63.20 mg/kg to 146.05 mg/kg.From 2001 to 2005,the mean of corn fluoride was from 2.95 mg/kg up to 3.90 mg/kg,the mean of pepper fluoride dropped from 157.95 mg/kg to 4.48 mg/kg.From 2006 to 2007,the mean of corn fluoride was from 1.74 mg/kg to 1.96 mg/kg,the mean of pepper fluoride was from 7.49 mg/kg to 21.06 mg/kg.In the air fluoride test,the mean of air fluoride content was within the range of 0.0014 0 mg/L-0.009 40 mg/L in banking-fire period,the mean range of 0.001 63 mg/L-0.005 40 mg/L in flaming-fire period.Detection of urinary fluoride in 17 years showed that the highest was in 1997,the geometric mean of urinary fluoride was 1.61 mg/L,the lowest was in 2003,the geometric mean was 0.53 mg/L.In the three years of monitoring,the geometric mean was not within the normal range.Monitoring result for the detection rate of dental fluorosis for children aged 8-12 defect rate of dental fluorosis and index declined.Conclusion The endemic rate of the monitoring points was dropped or under control.It was concluded that the appliance of advanced technology,the reform of the furnace and cooking stoves,the distribution of special funds to the local public health institution and the promotion of health education,all the above measures could comprehensively reduce the endemic of fluorosis.
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2010年第2期29-33,共5页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
基金
卫生部委托项目(1991-2007)
关键词
燃煤污染型
氟中毒
监测
Coal-Burning pollution type
Fluorosis
Monitoring
