摘要
近年来在多种因素驱动下,黄土高原生态系统服务功能发生显著变化,对农民基本生产和生活产生重要影响。本文通过农户问卷调查和参与式农村评估,了解农户对生态系统服务变化的认知和态度,采用多指标评估法对农民福祉的变化进行分析,并探讨二者的关系。研究发现,劳动机会、水源、粮食和空气是当地与农民福祉最为相关的生态系统服务功能,其中劳动机会和粮食供给功能发生显著下降。不同地区农民福祉总体差异不显著,但福祉要素如收入水平、生产资料满意度、资源获取能力和营养获取能力存在差异。生态系统服务状况、收入来源和交通条件等是造成福祉要素差异的主要原因。1999年-2009年,固原农民福祉由31.5增至48.6,但总体水平仍然偏低。收入提高是导致福祉变化的重要原因,生产资料满意度下降是制约农民福祉提高的关键因素。本研究尝试对生态系统服务和人类福祉的关系进行定量分析,对以改善民生福祉、维护生态系统可持续性为目标的各类相关研究都具有重要意义。
Changes in ecosystem services could impact all elements involved in human well-being in a direct or an indirect way,showing a non-linear relationship between each other.Some of the changes could improve well-being but others would be detrimental.The mechanism and extent of such impacts appear to fall short of quantitative studies.In poor regions,such as the rural areas across the Loess Plateau in Northwestern China,farmers’living primarily depends on the supply of ecosystem services.In recent years,driven by a variety of natural and human factors,the ecosystem services have shown a radical change which has significantly impacted on local people. In the present work,the authors examined the interaction between changes in ecosystem services and well-being of people in 4 villages in Guyuan City,located in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.Data were collected by a questionnaire survey in conjunction with the participatory rural appraisal（PRA）method,which is rarely utilized in this kind of study in China.Combination of the two methods would be of the capability to offer reliable results as it can obviate personal bias arising from identifying and ranking issues of ecosystem services,well-being elements,awareness and attitude of local people.Key ecosystem services related to human well-being in the study area were identified,i.e.,food,fresh water,air and on-land work opportunity.Recognition rates of them fell between 66.67%and 100.00%.Results suggested that on-land work opportunity and food supply function dropped significantly.Climate change and land use change caused by Grain for Green Policy were found to be two major factors from the local farmers’view.Based on the multi-indicator evaluation method consisting of material indicators and subjective satisfaction,the authors analyzed the status and spatial difference in well-being.From 1999 to 2009,the well-being increased from 31.5 to 48.6,still at a low level.Though the well-being did not exhibit marked differences between regions,some elements,such as income,materials supply satisfaction, resource accessibility and nutrient acquisition capacity,varied greatly over regions.The differences were generally induced by ecosystem services status,income sources and traffic conditions. Furthermore,the relationship between the ecosystem services change and well-being were discussed.An increasing income was considered a key reason responsible for well-being change. Decreases in agricultural materials supply satisfaction was thought of a restraint.With an increasing pressure from income improvement,farmers need more income sources like off-land work opportunities.This work provides a meaningful base for studying people＇s livelihood and well-being improvement as well as the maintenance of ecosystem sustainability.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期849-855,共7页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973):"中国主要陆地生态系统服务功能与生态安全"(编号:2009CB421106)
科技部中-欧科技合作专项:"中国土地空间多功能利用与可持续性决策系统研发"(编号:0813)
国家科技支撑计划课题:"中国重大自然灾害风险等级综合评估技术研究"(编号:2008BAK50B05)
关键词
生态系统服务
人类福祉
参与式农村评估
黄土高原
Ecosystem services
Human well-being
Participatory rural appraisal
Loess Plateau
