3Nowak J,Mallmin H,Larsson. The aetiology and epidemiology of clavicular fractures. A prospective study during a two-year period in Uppsala, Sweden[J]. Injury, 2000,31 (5): 353-358.
4Suk M,Hanson BP,Norvell DC,et al. AO Handbook of museu- loskeletal outcomes measures and instruments [M]. Stuttgart New York :Thieme, 2005 : 100-101.
5David L Helfet. Midshaft clavicular fractures:Operative versus non- operative treatment. From AO Publishing,Switzerland Clavadeler- strasse,CH-7270 Davos Platz [J]. Orthopdic Trauma Directions, 2011,9(3) : 1-12.
6Judd DB ,Pallis MP,Smith E, etal. Acuteopreative stabilization ver- sus nonoperative management of clavicle fractures [J]. Am J Orthop, 2009,38: 341-345.
7Smekal V ,Irenberger A,Struve P,et al. Elastic stable intramedullary nail versus nonoperative treatment of displaced midshaft clavicular fractues-a randomized controlled ,clinical trial [J]. J Orthop Trauma, 2009,23 : 106-112.
8Sohn HS, Shin SJ ,K ira BY. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using anterior-inferior plating of midshaft fractures [J]. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg,2012,132:239-244.