摘要
密云水库流域是北京市的重要水源地,近年来在流域内点源得到有效控制的条件下,面源污染上升为密云水库水质污染的主要原因.将可表征土地利用变化对水文响应影响的分布式水文模型SWAT应用于密云水库流域,并采用1986—1991年下会和张家坟两个水文站点数据对径流量和泥沙负荷进行了率定和验证;应用GIS技术,对密云水库流域20世纪90年代初、中、末三期土地利用图进行了分析处理,并分别输入到率定好的SWAT模型中计算潮河和白河流入密云水库的径流量和泥沙量.研究结果表明:密云水库流域90年代中期土地利用情况发生了较大的波动,土地利用变化对产流和产沙产生了显著的影响.与90年代初期土地利用相比,在90年代中期土地利用条件下,潮河流域从1986年到1991年这6a间年平均径流量将削减3.5%,泥沙量削减13.3%;白河流域6a内年平均径流量削减4.0%,泥沙量削减53.0%.因此,加强对流域内土地利用的管理,对改善密云水库水质具有十分重要的意义.
Miyun Reservoir is an important surface water source in Beijing. Non-point source pollution has become the primary factor resulting in water quality deterioration when point source pollution was gradually controlled in the Miyun Reservoir in recent years. SWAT model, a kind of distributed hydrologic model with the ability to evaluate the effects of landuse change on hydrologic response, was set up in the Miyun Reservoir catchment. First, the model was well calibrated and validated using flow and sediment data from 1986 to 1991 at Xiahui and Zhangjiafen gauge stations. Then, the land use data in 3 periods, i.e. 1990, 1995 and 2000 processed by using the GIS technique, were inputted into the well verified SWAT model to calibrated the flow and sediment. The results of model evaluation show that the land use in 1995 fluctuated greatly and impacted the flow and sediment yield. Compared with the land use in 1990, the annual flow yield and sediment yield from 1986 to 1991, which is simulated by SWAT model with the land use in 1995, decrease by 3.5 and 13.3 percentages in the Caohe watershed respectively, while it is 4.0 and 53.0 percentages of decrease in the Baihe watershed. This study shows that it is very important to strengthen land use management for improving the water quality in the Miyun Reservoir.
出处
《北京师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第3期290-299,共10页
Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science)
基金
北京市科技计划资助项目(D0704004040191)
北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8062021)
