摘要
以萨罗罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼、以色列红罗非鱼和奥利亚罗非鱼自交和双列杂交后代共9种罗非鱼为实验材料,通过耐盐致死实验、半致死盐度实验和慢性耐盐驯化实验,对萨罗罗非鱼与其他几种罗非鱼耐盐生态特点的差异进行了比较分析,结果表明,(1)萨罗罗非鱼MST为(9.24±1.353)h,ST50为(6.20±1.235)h,MLS-96理论值为30.2,观察值为31.2,远高于另外8种罗非鱼。(2)根据耐盐能力,9种罗非鱼可分为4类:第一类是萨罗罗非鱼,耐盐极强,各项耐盐指标都远高于其他罗非鱼;第二类是以色列红罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂,耐盐强,离差值为正值;第三类是奥利亚罗非鱼、尼罗罗非鱼♀×以色列红罗非鱼♂、以色列红罗非鱼♀×尼罗罗非鱼♂、尼罗罗非鱼♀×奥利亚罗非鱼♂和奥利亚罗非鱼♀×尼罗罗非鱼♂,耐盐较强,离差值为负值;第四类是尼罗罗非鱼,耐盐较弱。(3)当进行慢性耐盐驯化时,萨罗罗非鱼在5d内,死亡率由0达到30%,以后缓慢增长,14～15d有个死亡率的高增长期,然后即进入缓慢增长期;第11天,盐度32.8时,死亡率达到50%,第39天,盐度为102时全部死亡。死亡率与驯化时间之间的线性回归关系为LnY=3.430+0.640X*(R2=0.976)。(4)萨罗罗非鱼是培育耐盐罗非鱼养殖新品种较理想的亲本材料。
Sarotherodon melanotheron,Oreochromis niloticus,Israel red tilapia and Oreochromis aureus were used as parents which produced nine offspring by selfed and diallel crossing.After trials of lethal salt tolerance,median lethal salinity and gradual salt-tolerance domestication,differences of salt-tolerance ecological characteristics were compared and analyzed.The major results were：（1） There were greatest significant differences（P〈0.01） of MST,ST50 and survival rate between S.melanotheron and the other 8 tilapias,S.melanotheron’s MST was （9.24±1.353）h,ST50 was （6.20±1.235）h,theoretic MLS-96 was 30.2,observed MLS-96 was 31.2,these values were far higher than those of the other 8 tilapias.（2） 9 tilapias might be divided into four groups based on their salt tolerance：the first group was S.melanotheron which had the strongest salt-tolerance among nine tilapias;the second group was Israel red tilapia and O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂ which had strong salt-tolerance and had positive residual values;the third group was O.aureus,O.niloticus♀×Israel red tilapia♂,Israel red tilapia♀×O.niloticus,♂O.niloticus♀×O.aureus♂,and O.aureus♀×O.niloticus♂ which had stronger salt-tolerance and had negative residual values;the fourth group was O.niloticus which had inferior salt-tolerance.（3） When domesticated gradually salinity rising,S.melanotheron’s mortality rose from 0 to 30%,then it rose slowly,there was a fast rising during the fourteenth day to fifteenth day,and then it rose slow too,50%mortality occured on the eleventh day which had a 32.8 salinity,all trial fish dead on the thirty-ninth day,which salinity was 102.The regress relation between mortality and domestication time of S.melanotheron was LnY=3.430＋0.640X（R^2=0.976）.（4） S.melanotheron would be a perfect parent which bred new seed of salt tolerance.
出处
《水产学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第7期1072-1079,共8页
Journal of Fisheries of China
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(30972252)
河南省动物学重点学科及河南省水产养殖重点学科资助
关键词
萨罗罗非鱼
耐盐差异
半致死盐度
耐盐驯化
Sarotherodon melanotheron
salt tolerance differences
median lethal salinity
salt tolerance domestication
