摘要
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一类对基因表达具有调控作用的非编码小分子RNA(18—24碱基)。MiRNA在动植物中普遍存在,并且在动植物的生长、发育、分化和生殖等过程中发挥着重要作用。人类约30%的基因受miRNA调控,并且miRNA的表达水平与人类重大疾病密切相关。MiRNA的定量检测和表达分析对深入理解其作用机制、疾病的诊断与治疗以及相关基因药物的开发等具有重要意义。MiRNA检测一般是基于核酸杂交和扩增原理,方法主要有Northern印迹、微阵列芯片、原位杂交、实时反转录聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、滚环扩增和基于共轭聚合物的检测等。随着miRNA在不同生物中的大量发现和对其功能的深入研究,miRNA的检测方法不断改进和完善,新的扩增、探针标记技术和检测技术不断被开发。本文综述了miRNA检测方法的研究进展,评述了各类方法的优缺点,并对miRNA检测的发展趋势进行了展望。
MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are a class of small non-coding RNAs（18—24 nucleotides（nt）） that regulate gene expression.MiRNAs exist widely in animals,plants and humans,and play fundamental roles in many biological processes,such as growth,development,differentiation and reproduction,etc.MiRNA is believed to be involved in the regulation of nearly 30% of all human genes and its expression level is closely related to some major diseases of mankind.Thus,quantitive detection and expression analysis of miRNA are significant to the understanding of functional mechanism of miRNAs,the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,and the development of the correlated gene drugs,etc.MiRNA detection is mostly based on the hybridization and amplification techniques of nucleic acids,which includs northern blotting technique,microarray,in situ hybridization,real-time reverse transcription PCR,isothermal rolling circle amplification and conjugated polymer-based miRNA detection.With the discovery of miRNA in different species and the thoroughly functional research of miRNA,the detection methods have been improved continuously and the new techniques,involving amplification,labeled probe and detection,have been developed successively.This paper summarizes the progress of miRNA detection,reviews the advantages and the disadvantages of all kinds of methods and prospects the miRNA detection trends.
出处
《化学进展》
SCIE
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第8期1509-1517,共9页
Progress in Chemistry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(No.20925519
20875021)
河北省自然科学基金项目(No.B2009001525
B2009000170)资助
关键词
MICRORNA
检测
杂交
核酸扩增
microRNA detection
hybridization
nucleic acid amplification
