摘要
土壤微生物和生物化学性质是农业土壤生产力的重要指标。该文研究了湖南省双季稻种植区不同生产力水稻土微生物种群数量和生物化学性质的差异。不同生产力水稻土样品采自湖南省东部、中部和西北部8个水稻主产县,测定了高产、中产和低产水稻土的微生物种群数量、微生物生物量C(SMBC)、微生物生物量N(SMBN)、土壤呼吸、代谢熵(qCO2)、脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶、脱氢酶、土壤有机C(SOC)、全N(TN)、全P(TP)、全K(TK)、有效N(AN)、速效P(AP)、速效K(AK)和稻谷与稻草产量。结果表明,高产水稻土的细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和微生物生物量C、N与中产水稻土无明显差异。SMBC、SMBN含量和土壤脲酶、转化酶、脱氢酶活性与细菌、真菌和放线菌的变化规律基本相似。由于湖南省植稻区施用磷肥有近50年历史,土壤磷素含量较高,导致不同生产力水稻土之间的磷酸酶活性没有差异。细菌和放线菌与SOC、TN、TK、AN含量之间相关性最好。脲酶和转化酶活性与土壤SOC、SMBC、SMBN、TN和AN含量之间的相关性最好。高产水稻土与中产水稻土之间在微生物性质上差异很小,中产水稻土只要加强田间管理措施,可以达到高产水稻土的产量目标。目前低产水稻土的微生物性质和生物化学性质较差,应注意有机肥料和无机肥料的合理施用,重视低产水稻土的改良,提升这类土壤的生物质量。
Soil microbiological and biochemical properties are important indicators of the potential for agricultural production.The objective of this research was to examine the differences in soil microbiological and biochemical properties of difference productive paddy soils.Soil samples of different productive paddy soils were collected from eight important rice production counties in Hunan province.Parameters of Soil microbiological and biochemical properties were measured,including microbial population,microbial biomass C（SMBC） and N（SMBN）,soil respiration,metabolic quotation,urease,phospatase,invertase,dehydrogenase,soil organic carbon（SOC）,total N（TN）,P（TP）,K（TK）,available N（AP）,P（AP）,K（AK）,grain and straw yield of rice.The results showed that amounts of bacterium,fungi and actinomycetes,and contents of SMBC,SMBN between high productive paddy soil and middle productive paddy soil were no significant difference.These of observed trends in activities of urease,phospatase,invertase,dehydrogenase between high productive paddy soil and middle productive paddy soil were similar to those of bacterium,fungi and actinomycetes.double rice-growing areas in Hunan province,with at least 50 years of applying P fertilizer history,highly soil P levels were maintained,resulted in no significant difference in phospatase activity in high,middle and low productive paddy soil.Correlation analysis showed that soil bacterium and actinomycetes had the best correlation with SOC,TN,TK,AN;Soil urease and invertase activities had the best correlation with SOC,SMBC,SMBN,TN,AN.Most of microbiological and biochemical indicators between high productive paddy soil and middle productive paddy soil were no significant difference,but significant difference compared with the low productive paddy soil,suggesting that the middle productive paddy soil only under good management practices.Microbiological and biochemical property of low productive paddy soil is poor,it should be pay attention to rational combing application of,organic manure and inorganic fertilizer,pay great attention to improvement of low productive paddy soil,improve the soil physical quality and soil fertility in low productive paddy soil.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期222-228,共7页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09)
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目(Hunan-14)
湖南省农业科学院科技创新项目(2009hnnkycx23)
关键词
高产水稻土
土壤生物质量
微生物
土壤酶活性
high productive paddy soil
soil biological quality
microorganism
enzyme activities
