摘要
施用土壤调理剂PAM可增加入渗率和减少土壤侵蚀,为了研究不同PAM形态与施用方法对施用PAM效果的影响,该文对3种形态的PAM(溶胶态、溶液与干粉状)以及干粉PAM与石膏混合的2种施用方法进行了试验。结果表明,3种不同形态PAM均能够显著增加土壤入渗、减少侵蚀量。与对照相比,喷洒溶胶和溶液PAM可分别提高土壤稳定入渗率1.0～2.5、1.7～2.8倍,直接施用干粉PAM可提高0.25～1.8倍。综合比较干粉PAM的两种施用方法,地表直接撒施干粉比与土壤混合效果略好一些,与石膏联合施用可明显提高干粉PAM增加入渗效果,并且增加幅度随着石膏混合量增加而增加。地表直接撒施干粉PAM,与对照相比减少土壤侵蚀量最大约80%,可达到施用溶胶态与溶液PAM减少侵蚀相同的效果。干粉PAM与表层土壤混合施用将降低PAM减少侵蚀的效果。增加石膏掺入量可以加强干粉PAM增加土壤入渗、减少径流的效果,但会降低减少土壤侵蚀的作用。综合比较3种形态PAM及干粉PAM施用方法对入渗与侵蚀的影响,直接使用干粉PAM不仅具有较好效果,且施用方法简单易行,适合在旱作农业区推广使用。
Surface application of polyacrylamide（PAM） can increase infiltration and reduce soil erosion.In order to research the effects of different application methods of polyacrylamide（PAM）,three forms of PAM（emulsive,solutions and dry granules） and application methods of dry granule PAM mixed were studied in this article.The results showed that surface applications of three forms of PAM increased infiltration and reduced soil erosion significantly.The final infiltration rate for emulsive,solution and dry granular PAMs increased by 1-2.5,1.7-2.8,0.25-1.8 times compared with their controls respectively.As for application methods of dry granule PAMs,spreading dry granular PAM on soil surface was more effective in increasing infiltration than mixing dry granular PAM with topsoil.The gypsum mixed with dry PAMs increased the efficiency of dry PAMs in increasing infiltration which increased with the amount of gypsum.The soil erosion for surface spreading dry granular PAM decreased by 80% compared with the control,which was closed to reductions of emulsive and solutions PAM treatments.However,dry granular PAM mixed with layer of topsoil decreased the efficiency of PAM in reducing soil erosion reduction.The gypsum mixed with dry granular PAM increased effectiveness of PAM in increasing infiltration,but decreased the significance of controlling soil erosion.It can be concluded by comparsion of three forms of PAMs effects on infiltration and erosion that the surface applications of dry granular PAMs can cbtain the similar results as emulsive or dissoluted PAMs in controlling infiltration and erosion and is cost effective,facilitate uses in rainfed areas.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第7期38-44,共7页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(507690063)
中以科学与战略研究基金合作项目
关键词
入渗
侵蚀
聚丙烯酸酯(PAM)
水土保持
PAM形态
施用方法
石膏
infiltration
erosion
polyacrylates（PAM）
soil and water conservation
forms of PAM
application methods
gypsum
