摘要
分别从物理清洗、化学清洗和污染物等方面研究了活性炭／超滤复合工艺中超滤膜的污染情况。结果表明，跨膜压差（TMP）从运行初期的20kPa上升到35kPa，提高了75％；比通量从3．8～4．61／（m2·h·kPa）下降到1．8L／（m2·h·kPa），下降了50％左右。物理清洗对不可逆污染物的去除效果较差，随着运行时间的延长，比通量下降至70％左右，跨膜压差升高幅度达100％。经过化学清洗后TMP和比通量的恢复率分别为82％～100％和86％～100％。超滤膜污染是由有机物、微生物和金属离子共同所致的综合性污染，包括Fe、Al等高价金属离子，Ca、Mg等二价离子，以及烷烃和芳香烃等小分子有机物。有机物不仅沉积在膜表面，而且也造成了膜孔堵塞；Fe、Al等高价金属离子主要吸附、沉积在膜内壁，而Ca、Mg等二价离子在膜内壁表面以及膜过滤孔隙中都有吸附、沉积。
The fouling of ultrafiltration membrane in combined process of activated carbon and ul- trafiltration was investigated in terms of physical cleaning, chemical cleaning and pollutants. The results show that the transmembrane pressure （TMP） is increased by 75% from 20 to 35 kPa, and the specific membrane permeate flux （SMPF） is decreased by 50% approximately from 3.8 - 4.6 L/（ m2·h·kPa） to 1.8 L/（m2·h·kPa）. The removal efficiency of irreversible membrane foulants by physical cleaning is poor. SMPF is decreased to about 70% , and TMP is increased by 100% with prolongation of operation time. The recovery rates of TMP and SMPF are 82% to 100% and 86% to 100% respectively after chemical cleaning. Membrane fouling is caused by organic compounds, microorganisms and metal ions, including high valent metal ions （Fe3＋ and Al3＋ ） , divalent metal ions （Ca2＋ and Mg2＋ ） and organic compounds with small molecules （mainly alkyl- and aromatic-hydrocarbons）. Organic compounds are deposited on membrane surface and block membrane pores. High valent metal ions are mostly adsorbed anddeposited on membrane internal wall, while divalent metal ions are adsorbed and deposited on membrane internal wall and in pores.
出处
《中国给水排水》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第17期35-39,共5页
China Water & Wastewater
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07423)
关键词
饮用水
超滤
活性炭
膜污染
drinking water
ultrafiltration
activated carbon
membrane fouling
