摘要
介绍了美国NOAA和我国台湾地区开展的热带气旋(TC)飞机观测状况,重点介绍了用于TC飞机观测设计的相关技术。利用飞机获取观测资料是近年来观测TC的又一重要手段。美国在1982年就已开展了TC飞机观测试验,并从1997年开始业务化,我国台湾地区从2003年开始也开展了TC飞机观测的DOTSTAR计划。TC飞机观测获得的大量的直接观测资料极大地促进了TC业务预报与研究。目前应用于TC飞机观测设计的技术主要有深层平均风变化(DLM)技术、集合变换卡尔曼滤波(ETKF)技术、奇异向量(SV)技术和伴随敏感引导向量(ADSSV)技术等4种,DOTSTAR从2005年起应用这4种技术进行观测设计,美国NOAA则用DLM技术确定影响TC的敏感区域,飞机同时在TC四周和敏感区域飞行观测。
The-airborne observations of tropical cyclone-（TC）-are-introduced.The introduction of the TC targeted observing techniques which are used to identify the sensitive areas and formulate the observing strategy is emphasis.TCs generally exist in the data-sparse ocean.Improvement-to TC observation plays a vital role in improving TC track and intensity forecasts.Recently,TC airborne observation has been becoming a new and important way to get TC observation data.In 1982,NOAA began research flights to make dropwindsonde observations in the environments of TCs.Since 1997,the G-IV jet aircraft has made dropwindsonde observations when a TC threatens coastal areas of the United States in the Atlantic basin,near Hawaii,or off of southern California.Since 2003,the TC surveillance program （DOTSTAR） has successfully made routine surveillance observations for TCs within the range of the Astra jet over the western North Pacific.The large amount of dropwindsonde data deployed from surveillance aircraft have helped to significantly improve TC forecasts and researches.Four targeted observing techniques have been used to formulate the TC airborne observing strategy.The four techniques are the deep-layer mean （DLM） wind variance,the ensemble transform Kalman filter （ETKF）,the singular vector （SV） and the adjoint-derived sensitivity steering vector （ADSSV）.Since 2005,these four techniques have been used to determine the observing strategy for DOTSTAR.TC observing strategy in NOAA is a subjective combination of uniform sampling around the TC and sampling of the sensitive areas which is identified by the technique of DLM.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第4期1078-1084,共7页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40605018
40875025)
上海市自然科学基金项目(08ZR1422900)共同资助
关键词
热带气旋
飞机观测
观测设计
敏感区域
Tropical cyclone
Airborne observation
Observing strategy
Sensitive area
