摘要
地下煤火灾害在世界很多国家普遍存在,我国北方因干旱少雨、地形地貌平缓、煤变质程度低、黄铁矿和镜质组含量高及孔(裂)隙、断层、褶皱等构造发育,导致煤层自燃现象尤为严重,而小煤窑的私挖乱采更是加剧了煤火灾害的发生。基于地下煤火物理特点,目前用于确定煤火位置及范围的探测方法可分为五大类:遥感、物探、化探、热探、钻探。通过分析煤火形成机理、影响因素,探讨,提出了煤火灾害的防治手段:浅层剥离火源、堵漏、灌浆、注水、均压灭火、惰化技术、胶体防灭火。鉴于不同火区、不同发火阶段其表现特征存在差异,指出应根据实际情况选择适用的探测方法,准确探测出火区范围和规模,从而为防、灭火方法提供依据;地下煤火的防治要依据环境、资源条件、火区工程条件来实施,以保证灭火效果。
Underground coal burning is quite common in many countries.In northern China,because of arid and rainless,gentle relief,low degree of coal metamorphism,high pyrite and vitrinite content,as well as developed pore,fissure,fault and fold structures,resulted in especially serious coal seam spontaneous combustion phenomenon.While small coalmine unapproved mining pricked up coal burning disasters happening.Based on underground coal burning physical characteristics,coal burning location and range detection means at present have 5 major kinds： remote sensing,geophysical prospecting,geochemical prospecting,thermal prospecting and drilling.Through discussions on coal burning forming mechanism and impacting factors,coal burning controlling means put forward： shallow part burning source stripping,leak stopping,grouting,water injection,equal pressure fire-fighting,inerting technology and colloidal fire prevention and extinguishment.In consideration of different burning areas and ignition stages,their performance characteristics are different,rated detecting method should be selected based on practical situation.Find out burning area range and scope with accuracy,thus provide basis for burning prevention and extinguishment.Underground coal burning controlling put into practice should comply with environmental,resources,and burning area engineering conditions,so that can ensure burning extinguishing effect.
出处
《中国煤炭地质》
2010年第B08期143-146,共4页
Coal Geology of China
关键词
煤火
形成机理
探测方法
防治方法
coal burning
forming mechanism
detection method
controlling method
