摘要
1.该文依据城市生态系统的最新研究成果以及规划、景观设计和自然保护社会学研究方面的新进展,评述了英国城市自然保护方面的发展。 2.从1980年以来,由于生态学家的参与,这门学科发展得非常迅速。在规划和土地管理方面,很多地方政府执行了城市自然保护计划,以伦敦为例,笔者描述了这种新的的发展趋势。 3.城市区域的自然保护与传统的自然保护方法在一些方面有所不同。前者侧重于研究城市野生生物对当地居民的价值和益处,而不强调稀有种和濒危物种及它们的生境。因此,评价标准既包括生物学方面的因素,也包括社会学指标。 4.有价值的生境既包括早已存在的半自然状态的生境,也可以包括那些近期在废弃土地人工基层上发展起来的生境,退化土地的改良以及新生境的产生是至关重要的。 5.近年来,在城市景观设计中生态学的方法被越来越广泛地利用。目前,已建立了一些建造生境的技术,但是由于习惯势力的原因,这些技术得不到大规模的应用。 6.讨论了地方居民在城市野生生物计划中的作用。研究成果显示了这些计划的社会效益,地方居民的参与对于计划成功有决定性意义。 7.城市自然保护需要得到各方面专家的参与,包括生态学家、规划人员,景观设计人员、社会学家以及志愿者组织和城镇居民等。 8.
( 1 ) The development of urban nature conservation in Britain is reviewed, taking account of recent studies of urban ecosystems and new developments in planning, landscape design and social aspects of conservation.(2) Since 1980, the subject has developed rapidly, with substantial input from ecologists. Urban nature conservation programmes have been implemented by many local authorities within planning and land management. These new approaches are described, with particular reference to London.( 3 ) Nature conservation in urban areas differs from traditional approaches to conservation in several respects. Less emphasis is placed on rare or endangered species or habitats, and considerable weight is given to the values and benefits of urban wildlife to local people.Evaluation criteria therefore include social criteria as well as those of intrinsic biological interest.(4) Habitats of value may include those recently developed on artificial substrates of derelict or disused land, as well as long-established, semi-natural habitats. Enhancement of degraded land and creation of new habitats may be key elements.( 5 ) Ecological approaches to urban landscape design are being used increasingly in new developments. Techniques are now well established for habitat creation but their adoption on a wider scale is prevented by inertia of current practices.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期96-108,共13页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
