摘要
为了解交通要道重金属对路边农田土壤动物群落结构及空间分布的影响,分季节分层次对104国道浙江上虞段周围农田5条样带及1条对照样带进行取样调查,共获得土壤动物4046个,计50个类群,隶属于4门7纲,弹尾目、前气门亚目、甲螨亚目为优势类群,其余为常见类群和稀有类群。同时测定了采样带土壤理化性质和重金属含量,结合类群特征指数,研究农田土壤动物群落结构特征以及土壤动物对土壤重金属污染的响应。结果表明,6条样带土壤理化指标全磷和pH、重金属各因子差异显著(P<0.05),公路周围重金属含量明显高于对照和土壤背景值,随着采样距104国道的距离的减小,土壤动物的类群数和个体数呈现减少的趋势,在土层垂直分布上,并呈现表聚性减弱的现象。灰色关联分析表明,在调查样带中全磷对土壤动物的影响最大,土壤pH次之,其次是铅、铬的影响,锌的影响最小。土壤理化指标全磷和pH对农田土壤动物的影响大于土壤重金属,但重金属对污染样带土壤动物群落结构的影响已不能忽视。
Cropland soils located along the No.104 national highways of Shangyu City,Zhejiang Province were significantly contaminated with heavy metals from road traffic.This paper was to estimate whether soil animals and heavy metal concentrations in coincide in polluted by emissions from automobile exhaust.So the concentration of heavy metals,and their effects on soil animal communities,were investigated in five contaminated sites and one uncontaminated control site.Soil samples were collected from a sampling area of 30 cm×30 cm at three depths （0—5 cm,5—10 cm,10—15 cm） five times each site over four seasons.Soil animals were extracted using Tullgren and Baermann funnels.Soil pH was measured with TFW-VI acidity meter;organic carbon was determined by K2Cr2O7 oxidation method and bulk density of soils by a simple method;total N was determined with Kjeldahl method and total K by flame photometer;total P was analyzed using the colorimetric method with molybdenum in sodium hydroxide.An X-ray fluorescent analysis was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metal in the study area （Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr,and Ni）.Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 13.0 program package.The results indicated that Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr and Ni were higher than the control group,the datas showed that total P,pH,Pb,Cu,Zn,Cr and Ni were significantly different between the five sampling sites and the control group（P0.05）.A total of 4 046 individual soil animals were collected belonging to 50 groups,7 classes and 4 phyla.The dominant groups were Collembola and Acariformes,the frequent groups were Diptera larvae,Nematoda,Araneae,Hirudinea and Diplura;other groups were rare.The difference in individual of soil animal was significant between sampling sites and the control group by one way analysis of variance（P0.05）.Correlation analysis of data was performed,both the individuals and the number of soil animal groups decreased with increasing proximity to the No.104 national highway.The diversity index,evenness index of soil animal communities decreased with pollution levels increased,while a positive association was found between dominance index and the pollution levels.The spatial distribution of soil animals in the sampling sites showed that the individual and group of soil animals in sampling sites were decreased with the increasing soil depth.Heavy metal impacted the composition of soil animal communities,the more intense the disturbance,the greater influence on soil animals.Jaccard and Motyka coefficients had a high or moderate similarity among soil animal communities in sampling sites,which reached the range of 0.680—0.837,67.9—82.7,respectively.Grey Relevant Analysis revealed that the environment factors had different effect on the key soil animal communities,total P produced the most effect on soil animals,the second effect factor was the soil pH,Pb was the third,and Zn had less significant effects on the soil animals.The influence of the physiochemical properties of soil （total P and pH） were greater than of heavy metal factors,while heavy metals contained showed a strongly correlation with soil animal communities.The impact of heavy metals on soil animal communities can not be ignored.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第18期5001-5011,共11页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
浙江省自然基金资助项目(Y506255)
关键词
重金属
土壤动物
垂直分布
浙江上虞
heavy metals
soil animal
spatial distribution
Shangyu City
