摘要
尿素缓(控)释技术包括物理缓释法、化学缓释法、抑制脲酶活性法和近年来出现的包被尿素法。本文对几十年来关于饲用尿素缓(控)释方法进行了综述,指出物理方法中以糊化淀粉尿素和糖蜜尿素舔砖较为可行,但这两种方法并没有提高尿素氮的利用率;化学缓释法中以羟甲基脲最为可行;抑制脲酶活性法普遍存在瘤胃微生物对之产生适应性的问题;包被尿素法可以根据瘤胃微生物对氨气的需要进行控释,开发经济、无毒无害并可生物降解的包膜材料是今后研究的重点。不同生态区位瘤胃微生物对氨气的动态营养需要模式是进一步提高饲用尿素缓(控)释效果的理论基础。
This paper was dealt with the methods to slow （or controlled） ammonia release rate of urea for ruminants. The methods included physical treatment, chemical modification, inhibition of urease and coated urea. Although nitrogen utilization rate were not improved, Starea and molasses-urea block were the two practical methods in physical treatments; in chemical methods the urea-formaldehyde-complexes was the most possible way; there were generally a problem of rumen microbial adaptation with urease inhibition method. Coated urea was the most promising way to control the ammonia release of urea, however, development of economical, innoxious and biodegradable coating materials was needed. Emphasis also should be put on the research of dynamic requirement of different ecological niches, which underlying the ammonia releasing pattern of the designed slow/controlled release urea product.
出处
《饲料工业》
北大核心
2010年第A02期102-105,共4页
Feed Industry
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(nyhyzx07-036-06)
国家奶牛产业技术体系建设项目资助
关键词
反刍动物
尿素
缓控释
ruminants
urea
slow （controlled） release
