摘要
以黄土高原上黄试区小流域为例,应用GIS空间分析技术和环境梯度分析方法,选取海拔、坡度、坡向、地形位4个地形因子,将植被景观分布图与各地形因子梯度图叠合,采用无量纲分布指数定量分析植被景观在各地形因子梯度上的分布特征,研究植被格局与地形之间的关系,为上黄试区的植被保护与恢复、生态管理与建设提供科学依据。结果表明：（1）上黄试区植被格局与地形之间关系密切,海拔对植被格局的影响最大,相关系数为-0.51;地形位和坡度次之,相关系数为-0.18和-0.13;坡向的作用最小,相关系数为-0.02。（2）植被景观在地形梯度上的分布格局呈现一定规律性,灌丛类主要在高海拔（1 678~1 822 m）、中等坡度（8°~25°）区间分布;天然草地主要在中等偏低海拔（1 582~1 678 m）、中等偏陡（15°~35°）区间分布;人工草地主要在中等偏高海拔（1 630~1 774 m）、陡坡（〉25°）区间分布;耕地和果园则主要在低海拔（〈1 630 m）、平缓坡（0~8°）区间分布。
The relationship between the spatial pattern of vegetation in a small watershed on the Loess Plateau and terrain was studied based on the geographic information system（GIS） and environment gradient analysis.Altitude,slope,aspect,and terrain niche four terrain factors were chosen,the vegetation distribution map and the gradient map of each terrain factor was superposed,and the distribution index was used to analysis the inter spatial relationships between vegetation distribution and each terrain factor.This study showed the main terrain factor on vegetation pattern and the dominance degree of different vegetation on each terrain gradient.Altitude was the main terrain factor on vegetation pattern.Bushes distribute mainly in the areas with high altitude and middling slope,crude grassland distributes mainly in the areas with the altitude lower than middling level and the slope more cliffy than middling level,artificial grassland distribute mainly in the areas with the altitude higher than middling level and the slope more gentle than middling level,arable land and orchard distributes mainly in the areas with low altitude and gentle slope.This study could offer scientific evidence for vegetation restoration and eco-environment management.
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期92-95,100,共5页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重大项目(2006BCA01A07-2)
关键词
植被格局
地形
分布指数
上黄试区
vegetation pattern
terrain
distribution index
Shanghuang test area
