摘要
采用随机取样、定点调查的方法,分析杭州西溪湿地灌草植物群落的类型与时间、空间的关系,并用多样性指数分析春、夏、秋、冬四季中植物群落组成的特点。结果表明,西溪湿地物种对时间生态位的利用比较充分,四季中群落组成有较为明显的变化;春季物种最为丰富,9m2中达29种,香农—威纳指数H’为2.73,与其他季节相比差异显著;冬季物种最少,为11种,H’为2.14;夏秋季物种多样性介于春、冬季之间。西溪湿地的现有植物组成是人与自然因素共同作用的结果,而人的影响更大。西溪湿地典型的湿地物种偏少,外来有害入侵物种的比例较高,建议在去除影响景观、影响本土物种多样性的入侵种的同时,增加低湿的生境,并补种湿地物种。
Xixi Wetland was located at the outskirt of Hangzhou,south-east of China.Under the influences of human residents,farming and fishing activities for more than one thousand years,Xixi had changed to secondary farming wetland.By using random sampling method and GPS orientation,the compositions and diversities of shrub-grass communities in Xixi Wetland were studied at four seasons.Ecological groups and their important values were used to analyze the species compositions and species richness（S）,Shannon-Wiener index（H＇）and Pielou＇s evenness index（J）were used to analyze the species diversities.The results showed that：①In all 82 quadrates of four seasons,159 vascular species belonging to 148 genera and 59 families were found.②Changes of seasons and habitats had influences on the species compositions of the communities in Xixi Wetland.Firstly,in the bright-highland,Conyza canadensis,Miscanthus floridulus,Arthraxon hispidus,etc,were dominant in late summer（Aug.,2007）,but C.canadensis was replaced by Setaria viridis in late autumn（Nov.,2007）,in winter and spring（Feb.and May,2008）,the dominant species were Roegneria tsukushiensis var.transiens,Erigeron annuus,etc.;under or near the bamboo trees（Phyllostachys propinqua）,communities dominated by Rubus hirsutuswere common,there were few changes of species compositions in such communities along with the time;in the highland of Xixi,some woody communities such as Broussonetia papyrifera,Lonicera japonica,Rosa multiflora and Clerodendrum trichotomum,etc.could be found frequently.Secondly,in the lowland of Xixi,hygrophyte communities dominated by Arundo donax,Imperata koenigii,Alternanthera philoxeroides were appeared frequently.Thirdly,on the water of Xixi,the most common communities were Miscanthus sacchariflours,Phragmites australis,A.philoxeroidesand Polygonum hydropiper.In late winter or in early spring,when most plants were died or the above-ground parts of most plants were died,some plants at low land were emerged,such as,Torilis scabra,Vicia hirsuta,Duchesnea indica,Kalimeris indica,Galium aparine var.tenerum,etc.Anyway,the changes of species compositions,along with the time,on the highland were more obvious than those on the lowland or in the water of Xixi.The harmful invasive exotic species,such as A.philoxeroides,E.annuus,C.canadensis and B.pilosa were among the 30 most frequency species,should be aroused more attention.③The diversity indices such as S and H＇ were highest in spring（29,2.73,separately）and lowest in winter（11,2.14 separately）;there were significant difference of species diversities among spring,summer（autumn）,and winter.④The species diversity was higher in Xixi than in other vicinities＇ wetlands,but the quality of species composition was not high,and typical wetland species was not abundant in Xixi,All of the results were owing to the natural factors and the interference of human beings together,while the latter was greater.It was suggested that much more wetland habitats and wetland plants should be restored and be planted,meanwhile,harmful invasive exotic species must be removed periodically.
出处
《湿地科学》
CSCD
2010年第3期256-265,共10页
Wetland Science
基金
浙江省教育厅资助项目(20060332)
浙江教育学院重点项目资助
关键词
杭州西溪湿地
植物群落
季节变化
生物多样性
生态类群
Hangzhou Xixi Wetland
plant communities
seasonal changes
biodiversity
ecological groups
