摘要
硝酸盐是地下水中最常见的污染因子,给饮水安全带来了较大的威胁,因此世界上很多国家和地区都非常重视地下水硝酸盐脱除技术的研究与开发,取得了很多有价值的研究成果和应用经验。离子交换、反渗透和生物反硝化是研究和应用最广的地下水硝酸盐脱除技术。离子交换法具有投资小、运行管理简便的优点,比较适合中小规模供水需求,但其再生废液的处理或处置非常困难。反渗透法具有脱硝效果好、易于自动控制等优点,可满足各种规模供水需求,但反渗透会产生大量浓缩水,必须妥善处理或处置。在我国华北地区,反渗透浓缩水可用于浇灌农作物,其中较高浓度的硝酸盐是良好的氮肥。至于生物反硝化脱氮技术,虽然具有运行费用低的优点,但现阶段还不能很好地解决残留反硝化碳源和微生物代谢产物的二次污染问题,用此法生产的饮用水安全性还有待进一步评估。
Nitrate is the most common contaminant in groundwater, and the contamination of groundwater by nitrate has been a threat to the drinking water safety. Hence, many countries and areas in the world pay great attention to research and develop the ni- trate removal processes from groundwater, and an amount of research achievements and application experiences have achieved. Ion exchange, reverse osmosis （RO） and biological denitrification were widely researched and applied for nitrate removal from contaminated groundwater. Ion exchange is principally selected to satisfy drinking water production requirement of small and medium-scale due to its low investment and operating simplicity, but it＇s difficult to treat or dispose the ion-exchange regenerated waste water. Reverse osmosis with perfect nitrate removal efficiency could be applied by different scale drinking water plant and RO process could be controlled automatically. However, a lot of concentrated liquid would be produced during RO process, which must be treated or disposed. In China, the concentrated liquid could be used for irrigating, and high concentration nitrate is good nitrogenous fertilizer. Although the biological denitrification with low operating cost, its secondary pollution problems aroused by residual carbon source and microbial metabolites have not been solved completely, the security of the drinking water after biological denitrification treatment has to be evaluated further.
出处
《净水技术》
CAS
2010年第5期4-10,共7页
Water Purification Technology
基金
水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项子课题(编号:2008ZX07425-001-04)
关键词
地下水
硝酸盐
离子交换
反渗透
反硝化
groundwater nitrate ion exchange reverse osmosis denitrification
