摘要
由禾谷镰孢菌群(Fusarium graminearum complex)引起的赤霉病是中国小麦生产中最为严重的病害之一。为明确目前中国冬小麦主产区小麦赤霉病菌的组成,对2008年和2009年从9省采集和分离的291株小麦赤霉病菌株,用PCR-RFLP的方法进行了镰孢菌种群鉴定。结果显示,其中245株为F.asiaticum,46株为F.gra-minearum,说明中国目前冬小麦主产区的小麦赤霉病菌主要致病菌仍为F.asiaticum和F.graminearum,其中长江中下游地区以F.asiaticum菌株为主,黄淮流域及以北地区以F.graminearum菌株为主。利用PCR的方法检测了这些菌株产单端孢霉烯族毒素化学型。在291株菌株中,255株为DON化学型(I),36株为NIV化学型(II)。在255株DON化学型菌株中,207株为3-AcDON化学型(IA),48株为15-AcDON化学型(IB)。在F.graminearum菌株中只发现15-AcDON化学型。在F.asiaticum菌株中,存在3种化学型,以3-AcDON化学型菌株为主,占84.5%,其次为NIV化学型菌株,占14.7%,15-AcDON化学型菌株只占1.1%。在小麦扬花期,采用单花滴注接种法对其中257株菌株进行了致病力测定,供试菌株的致病力存在显著差异,F.asiaticum和F.graminearum菌株群体之间的致病力无显著差异,DON化学型菌株群体的致病力明显高于NIV化学型菌株,产3-AcDON化学型与产15-Ac-DON化学型菌株群体对小麦的致病力无差异。
Fusarium head blight（FHB） caused by Fusarium graminearum species complex（Fg complex） is among the most destructive and economically important diseases of wheat.To analyze the composition of the Fusarium graminearum species complex in main areas of wheat production of China,wheat spikes showing FHB symptoms were collected from 9 provinces in 2008 and 2009.Seven hundred strains were isolated from these infected spikes.Two hundred and ninety one isolates were selected to analyze the distribution of F.graminearum complex and chemotypes in different geographic areas.The results showed,among the 291 isolates,255 produce DON mycotoxins（I）,and 36 are NIV chemotypes（Ⅱ）.Among the 255 DON isolates,207 were 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol（3-AcDON）（IA） and 48 were 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol（15-AcDON）（IB）.Two hundred and forty five of the 291 strains were F.asiaticum,which consisted of 3-AcDON,15-AcDON and NIV type,with 3-AcDON（84.5%） type being the predominant chemotype.Forty six isolates belonged to F.graminearum species,all of were which 15-AcDON.F.asiaticum is predominant in Yangtze River basin and F.graminearum is predominant in the North.The pathogenicity of 257 isolates was tested at anthesis.The results suggested that isolates were different in virulence.Isolates of F.graminearum and F.asiaticum showed similar levels of aggressiveness toward wheat.The DON chemotype were significantly more aggressive toward wheat than the NIV chemotype.The 3-AcDON chemotype and 15-AcDON chemotype showed similar levels of aggressiveness.
出处
《江苏农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2010年第5期954-960,共7页
Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
国家公益性行业科研专项资助项目(nyhyzx07-048)
国家支撑计划项目(2006BAD08A05)
关键词
小麦赤霉病
禾谷镰孢菌
化学型
致病力
fusarium head blight
Fusarium graminearum
chemotype
pathogenicity
