摘要
基于“多元二次正交旋转回归模型”在云南省保山市进行了小麦栽培试验，研究了5个主要栽培因素密度、氮肥施用量、磷肥施用量、钾肥施用量、氮肥施用期的相互关系及其对产量的影响。结果表明，5个因子对产量影响作用顺序为磷肥施用量〉氮肥施用量〉密度〉氮肥施用期〉钾肥施用量。磷肥对产量的作用最大。在试验范围内产量随着磷肥的增加而呈直线上升。在山区通过增施磷肥来增加产量是一项高产、低耗的措施，但同时还必须配合增施尿素和适当增加密度，以发挥其更大的增产作用。优化措施方案筛选结果表明，要获得高产．其氮肥施用期以分蘖肥50％＋拔节肥50％和分蘖肥50％＋种肥50％的施肥方式为最好。产量250～270kg／667m^2的组合优化方案为：密度14．54万～15．84万株／667m^2，施尿素37．31～39．91kg／667m^2、普钙43．27～49．77kg／667m^2、硫酸钾9．93～12．10kg／667m^2，尿素施用期为分蘖肥50％＋拔节肥50％。产量在230～250kg／667m^2的优化组合方案为：密度12．15万-13．05万株，667m^2，施尿素37．81～39．62kg／667m^2、普钙41．36～45．87kg／667m^2、硫酸钾8．27～9．77kg／667m^2，尿素施用期为种肥50％＋分蘖肥50％。产量210～230kg／667m^2的措施优化组合为：密度11．39万～12．16万株，667m^2．施尿素35．87～37．41kg／667m^2、普钙36．32-40．15kg／667m^2．硫酸钾8．74-10．02kg／667m^2，尿素施用期为种肥50％＋分蘖肥50％或种肥30％＋分蘖肥20％＋拔节肥50％。
The field experiment of wheat was conducted based on quadratic orthogonal rotation model. Relationship among 5 major factors of wheat cultivation：density, the application amount of nitrogen, phosphate fertilizers and potassium fertilizers, urea application period and the effect on yield were analyzed.The results showed that the order of five factors was phosphate amount 〉 nitrogen amount 〉 density 〉 urea application period 〉 potassium amount. Phosphate had the most remarkable effect on wheat yield, and there was a linear increase of wheat yield in the experimental range with P fertilizer increased. In the mountain areas, increasing P fertilizer was a high-yield and low cost measures to increase production. While it must be accompanied by increasing density and nitrogen amouts to raise wheat yield. The optimum measures study showed that to obtain high yield, the best application time of nitrogen was that 50% at tillering stage and 50% at jointing stage or 50% at seeding and 50% at tillering stageoThe optimization program for 250-270k g/667 mE was that the density was 14.54-15.84 million plant/667 m^2, the amouts for urea, superphosphate and potassium sulphate was 37.31-39.91 kg/667m^2, 43.27-49.77 kg/667 m^2 and 9.93-12.10 kg/667 m^2;the application for urea was 50% at tillering stage and 50% at jointing stage.The optimization program for 230-250 kg/667 m^2 was that the density was 12.15-13.05 million plant/667 m^2,the amouts for urea,superphosphate and potassium sulphate was 37.81-39.62 kg/667 m^2, 41.36-45.87 kg/667 m^2 and 8.27-9.77 kg/667 m^2;the application for urea was 50% at seeding and 50% at tillering stage.The optimization program for 210-230 kg/667m^2 was that the density was 11.39-12.16 million plant/667 m^2,the amouts for urea, superphosphate and potassium sulphate was 35.87-37.41 kg/667 mZ,36.32-40.15 kg/667 mE and 8.74-10.02 kg/667 m^2;the application for urea was 50% at seeding and 50% at tillering stage or 30% at seeding, 20% at tillering stage and 30% at jointing stage. Key words wheat ;optimum mathematical model ; agromomic practices
出处
《现代农业科技》
2010年第23期62-65,共4页
Modern Agricultural Science and Technology
关键词
小麦
优化数学模型
农艺措施
wheat
optimum mathematical model
agromomic practices
