摘要
目的核实疫情,确定J学校水痘暴发的存在并描述疫情三间分布特征和流行强度,探讨发病危险因素。方法按照病例定义,开展病例搜索,描述其三间分布后,结合现场流行病学调查情况,形成假设,再采用回顾性队列研究方法验证假设。结果 2009年3月1日至4月28日搜索到符合病例定义的病例共45例。首例病例于4月2日发病,全校分别于4月8日、16日、21～27日出现3个发病高峰。二(4)班和二(5)班罹患率最高,分别为33.3%和27.1%。45例病例均为学生,男生罹患率为7.2%,女生罹患率为4.8%。7～10岁组38人,占84.44%。在全校学生中乘坐校车者发生水痘的危险是不乘坐校车者的2.3倍(RR=2.36,95%CI=1.29～4.32)。按不同年级进行的Mantel-Haenszel分层分析表明:乘车与不乘车2个队列之间罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.32,P<0.05)。结论根据病例临床表现、三间分布特征,确定J学校存在水痘暴发;年级不是混杂因素,乘坐校车会增加水痘发病的危险性。
Objective To verify the epidemic of varicella outbreak in J school and to describe the epidemic situation of the population.Methods According to the case definition,varicella outbreak was retrospectively analyzed according to the disease distribution,occurrence,geographical distribution and field work epidemiological investigation.Results Between 1 Mar 2009 and 28 Apr 2009,45 cases of varicella outbreak were confirmed.The first case was noted on 2 April,and three incidence peaks were noted on 8 April,16 April and 21 to 27 April.The highest attack rate（33.3%） was noted in Class 4 grade 2 and the second high attack rate（27.1%） was noted in Class 5 grade 2.Attack rate in the male and female subjects was 7.2% and 4.8%,respectively.38 cases（88.44%） were in the age of 7 to 10 years old.The risk of occurrence of varicella in students who rode school buses was 2.3 times higher than the students who didn′t take school buses（RR=2.36,95%CI=1.29-4.32）.Mantel-Haenszel stratified analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the attack rate between the students taking the school buses and the students not taking the school buses.Conclusion Varicella outbreak was confirmed in J school.Riding the school bus was the risk factor associated with the varicella outbreak.
出处
《热带医学杂志》
CAS
2010年第11期1344-1346,共3页
Journal of Tropical Medicine
关键词
水痘
暴发
流行病学
varicella
outbreak
epidemiology
