摘要
农村劳动力转移是世界经济社会发展的必经阶段。在英国,农村劳动力转移直接源于工业化,政府干预起助推作用,最终导致农业的衰退;美国的农村劳动力转移与农业发展、工业化、集中式的城市化互为推动;韩国外向型经济政策、劳动密集型为主的企业结构、空间集中的城市发展战略、发达的教育使其成功解决了农村劳动力转移问题;印度落后的农业、资本技术密集型工业的发展、滞后的农村教育造就了农村劳动力转移的迟缓;我国的农村劳动力转移滞后于工业化,转移过程中,农民职业转移与身份改变、地域迁移相分离,分散式的小城镇构成转移的主要载体。通过比较各国的农村劳动力转移过程,从中得出启示:农业发展是农村劳动力顺利转移的基础和保证;工业化及工业化道路的选择是影响农村劳动力转移进程的关键性因素;城市化路径的选择影响农村劳动力转移的后果;农村劳动力的再续转移应坚持与农业现代化、新型工业化、新型城镇化的有机契合。
The rural labor transfer is a necessary stage along with world economic and social development, in the Great Britain, the rural labor transfer was direct from the industrialization, government intervention played the role of boosting, eventually led to the decline of agriculture; in the United States, rural labor transfer and agricultural development, industrialization, centralized urbanization push each other; in the South Korean, export-oriented economic policy, labor-based corporate structure, urban spatial concentration development strategy, advanced education resolved the transfer of rural labor successfully; India＇s backward agriculture, capital-and technology-intensive industrial, lagging rural education created the slow transfer of rural labor; in China, the rural labor transfer lag behind the industrialization, career change, status change and regional migration separated. Comparing the process of rural labor transfer in these countries, from which draw the enlightenment： agricultural development is the basis and guarantee for the transfer of rural labor force; industrialization is a key factor of rural labor transfer process; the path choice of urbanization affect rural labor transfer consequences; the rural labor force re-continued transfer should adhere to fit for agricultural modernization, new industrialization and new urbanization.
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期46-49,113,共4页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
上海市教育委员会科研创新项目资助(项目批准号:11YS146)
关键词
农村劳动力转移
国际比较
农业现代化
工业化
城市化
劳动密集型企业
资本技术密集型工业
小城镇“分散式”
rural labor transfer
international comparison
agricultural modernization
industrialization
urbanization
labor-intensive enterprises
capital-and technology-intensive industries
＂distributed＂small towns
