摘要
以海南岛霸王岭热带云雾林中热带山地常绿林和热带山顶矮林群落为对象,分析了热带云雾林雨季光照、空气湿度、空气温度、土壤和地形特征,为分析生物多样性、生态系统功能及其对气候变化的反应等生态学过程奠定基础。结果表明:热带山地常绿林和热带山顶矮林在一天中的光合有效辐射呈单峰曲线变化,热带山地常绿林各时段的光合有效辐射显著低于热带山顶矮林;5–10月两群落类型日平均空气温度分别为(21.76±2.44)℃和(19.33±1.03)℃,且随时间变化呈单峰曲线,热带山地常绿林日平均空气温度显著高于热带山顶矮林;5–10月两群落类型日平均空气相对湿度分别为(88.44±2.90)%和(97.71±0.80)%,且随时间变化呈倒"S"型曲线,热带山地常绿林各月日平均空气相对湿度显著小于热带山顶矮林;与热带山顶矮林相比,热带山地常绿林的土壤全氮、全磷、速效氮、有机质、pH和土壤厚度显著大,而全钾和有效磷含量显著低;热带山地常绿林的坡度、岩石裸露比例和海拔高度显著小于热带山顶矮林,地形因子与其他生态因子显著相关;主成分和相关性分析表明:空气温度、有效磷、全钾、全氮及地形因子对热带云雾林植被分布有重要影响。
Aims Tropical cloud forest, a seldom-studied but important type of tropical forest vegetation, is usually distributed around mountaintops and is characterized by unusual environmental conditions that determine its unique biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Our objective was to explore the characteristics of solar irradiance, air temperature, air relative humidity, soil conditions and topographic conditions during the rainy season in two tropical cloud forest communities： tropical montane evergreen forest （TMEF） and tropical montane dwarf forest （TMDF）. Methods Based on surveyed environmental data of TMEF and TMDF in Bawangling National Natural Reserve in Hainan Island of South China, we assessed differences in environmental conditions between the two cloud forests, and examined correlations among the environmental conditions, using principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. Important findings Daily photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） showed a unimodal curve both in TMEF and TMDF, but PAR in TMEF was significantly lower than in TMDF. From May to October, mean daily air temperature differed significantly between TMEF and TMDF and showed a unimodal curve in the two forests, with average values of （21.76 ± 2.44） °C and （19.33 ± 1.03） °C, respectively. Additionally, mean daily relative humidity differed significantly between TMEF and TMDF and showed an inverse ＂S＂ curve; average values were （88.44 ± 2.90）% and （97.71 ± 0.80）%, respectively. TMEF had higher total nitrogen, total phosphorous, available nitrogen, organic matter, pH and soil thickness, but lower total potassium and available phosphorous than TMDF. Slope, cover of exposed rock and altitude were lower in TMEF than TMDF, and were significantly correlated with other ecological factors. Principal component analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that air temperature, available phosphorous, total potassium, total nitrogen and the three topographic factors were predictors of distribution of these tropical cloud forests.
出处
《植物生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期137-146,共10页
Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology
基金
国家自然科学基金(30430570)
中国林业科学研究院森林生态与环境保护研究所基金(RIFEEP200901)
香港嘉道理农场与植物园奖学金资助
关键词
空气温度
光合有效辐射
相对湿度
土壤因子
地形因子
热带山顶矮林
热带山地常绿林
air temperature
photosynthetically active radiation
relative humidity
soil factor
topographic factor
tropical montane dwarf forest
tropical montane evergreen forest
