摘要
2009年4月、7–8月、9月、10–11月及2010年1月对澜沧江云南段及洱海的鱼类种类和分布进行了调查。根据不同的海拔和生境设置52个鱼类采样点,共采集鱼类标本4 787尾,经鉴定计有土著鱼类5目、14科、80种,加上文献资料记载整理,共计139种,隶属于6目、18科。澜沧江云南段鱼类由华西区的康藏亚区和华南区的怒澜亚区鱼类组成。另有外来鱼类21种。土著鱼类水平分布差异较明显,具有明显的多样性和地域性。澜沧江鱼类的分布受海拔以及气候的影响较显著,许多类群具有一定的分布范围,如形目、鲈形目、鲤形目的部分种类仅局限于低海拔热带地区,而占较高比例的鲤科鱼类和鲇形目鱼类的分布,则随着海拔的升高出现类群的替代。与历史资料比较,澜沧江部分江段鱼类种类数量明显减少。
Lancang River originates from alpine springs on the slopes of the Tanggula Mountain in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the species and distribution of fishes are very special in the river.To understand the present composi-tion and distribution of fishes in this water system,a comprehensive survey was carried out in Yunnan section of Lancang River and its affiliated lake,Erhai Lake.Fifty two sampling sites were set up based on the different ele-vation and multiple habitatation.In the 4 787 fish samples collected,five orders,14 families,80 species of abo-riginal fishes were identified,with another 59 species recorded in references.All the fishes,consisting of six or-ders,18 families,are composed of fishes from two regions： Xikang-Tibetan Sub-region belonging to West China Region and Nukiang-Lancang Subregion belonging to South China Region.In addition,21 species of exotic fishes were collected.The differences in horizontal and vertical distribution of aboriginal fish are obvious.The horizon-tal distribution shows an obvious diversity and regional variety.The distribution of fish in Lancang River was in-fluenced by altitude and climate.Many groups of fish have a certain distribution range.The Tetraodontiformes,the Perciformes and some species of the Cypriniformes are limited to low elevation regions in the tropics.The distri-bution of the Cyprinidaes and the Siluriformes which take up a large proportion in Lancang River shows a gradual replacement of different groups with the rise of altitude.Compared with the historical data,the current species number of aboriginal fish in some sections of Lancang River has decreased obviously.Environmental stress caused by river construction,over-fishing,pollution and exotic fish is external impact factors for fishes in Lancang River.Relevant departments should adopt various measures to tackle the problem such as establishing nature reserves,promoting artificial enhancement and releasing,setting up eco-environment monitoring system,improving aquatic living resources and environment administrative systems.
出处
《中国水产科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期156-170,共15页
Journal of Fishery Sciences of China
基金
农业部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200902048)
关键词
鱼类区系
组成
分布
澜沧江
ichthyofauna
composition
distribution
Lancang River
