1Ayabakan C, Celiker A, Karagoz T, et al. Active-fixation, steroid-eluting ventricular leads:the mediumterm results in children [J]. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg, 2005,5 : 278-282.
2Nakazato Y, Nakata Y, Ohno Y,et al. Acute and chronic stability of atrial screw-in leads[J ]. Jpn Circ J, 1991,55:665-668.
3Pehrsson SK, Bergdahl L, Svane B. Early and late efficacy of three types of trans-venous atrial leads[ J ]. PACE, 1984,7 : 195-202.
4Luria DM, Feinberg MS, Gurevitz OT, et al. Randomized comparison of J-shaped atrial leads with and without active fixation echanism [J ]. PACE ,2007,30:412-417.
5Levy T,Walker S,Rex S,et al. A comparison between passive and active fixation leads in the coronary sinus for biatrial pacing:initial experience [ J ]. Europace, 2000,2 : 228-232.
6Schwaab B, Kindermann M, Frohlig G, et al. Septal Lead Implantation for the reduction of Paced QRS duration using passive-fixation Leads[J]. PACE ,2001,24:28-33.
7Ceviz N, Celiker A, Kucukosmanoglu O, et al. Comparison of Mid-term Clinical Experience with Steroid-Eluting Active and Passive Fixation Ventricular Electrodes in Children [J]. PACE,2000,23: 1245 - 1249.
8Murphy JJ. Current practice and complications of temporary transvenous cardiac pacing[ J ]. BMJ, 1996,312:1134.
9Austin JL,Pries LK,Crampton RS,et al. Analysis of pacemaker malfunction and complications of temporary pacing in the coronary care unit [ J ]. Am J Cardiol, 1982,49 : 301-306.
10de Cock CC,Van Campen LC,Visser CA. Usefulness of a New Active-Fixation Lead in Transvenous Temporary Pacing from the Femoral Approach [ J ]. PACE, 2003,26 (4pt 1 ) : 849-852.