摘要
著名法社会学家布莱克的"案件的社会结构"理论认为,"案件的命运就取决于案件的社会结构"。从社会资本的利益博弈来看,致冤的社会结构可以理解为致冤案发生的主要环节之间的主体结构及其之间相互关系,或简单理解为司法机关之间的内在博弈。我国由于公检法三机关之间,无论是在制度内还是在制度外,都缺乏有效的监督制约,加之背后的利益机制,导致冤案易发生、难纠正。在伸冤者与致冤者的博弈中,伸冤者由于天然的处于绝对劣势地位,其社会资本远远弱于致冤者本人及其代表的国家机器。冤案之所以难以纠正,与目前的"自错自审自纠"体制、过于严格的"错案问责"机制及办案单位自行支付赔偿的做法有关。因而,应从根本的制度和机制上着手,为"有错必纠"扫清路障。
Black＇s theory on the social structure of a case points out that the fate of a case depends on its social structure.Looking from the competition of social capital,the social structure of wrong conviction consists of different parties and their relationship during the flow of a case,or simply as the competition among judicial organs.As there is no effective check and supervision among the three organs of the public security in China,together with the interest behind,the wrong conviction is easy to happen but hard to correct.The person who calls for redressing of the injustice are inherently in a disadvantageous place,as his social capital is far less than those state organs which cause the wrong conviction.Specifically,the self-correction system,excessively strict accountability system and the beforehand compensation system are the reasons why these wrong convictions are so hard to correct.Hence,we need to start from the fundamental institutions and systems to make way for the correction of wrong convictions.
出处
《犯罪研究》
2010年第6期2-8,共7页
Chinese Criminology Review
关键词
冤案
发生机制
社会学考察
wrong conviction
cause
sociological examination
