摘要
传统方言学一般从听感的角度来给汉语方言的辅音声母进行分类,这种分类方法有一定的局限。文章运用实验语音学的技术手段,从发声和气流机制的角度把湘语的爆发音分成普通清声、清送气声、常态带声、弛声和内爆声等五类。这一研究,有助于人们加深对湘语爆发音声母特征的理解。与吴语相比,湘语的普通清声与清送气声在除阻时相对能量更强,造成听感上更"硬"的感觉。常态带声在湘语有些方言点得以完整保留,在有些方言点则表现为鼻冠清音或是弛声。弛声是湘语中常见的发声态。实验证明,传统记作浊送气或是清音浊流的音实质都是弛声。内爆声在湘南部分方言中存在。无论从共时分布还是历史演化上,弛声和内爆声都具有重要的类型学价值。
Traditionally scholars classify the consonantal initials of Chinese dialects based on their hearings.The resulted taxonomy has its li mitation.According to the phonation and mechanism of airstreamrevealed by experi mental phonetics,we classified the plosives in Xiang dialects into five categories,whichis helpful in deepening our understanding of phonetics characteristics of plosives in Xiang dialects.Comparedtothosein Wu dialects,voiceless and voiceless aspiratedinitialsin Xiang dialects have more relative burst energy at the stage of releasing,producing the sense of more forceful phonation.Modal voice is preservedin some places,but behaved as nasalized voiceless or slack voice in some other places.Slack voice is commonin Xiang dialects.Some initials which were traditionally recorded as voiced aspiration or so called ＂voiceless at closure and voiced at release＂ are slack voices actually.I mplosives are found in south areas of Hunan.They have i mportant typological values in synchronic distribution and diachronic evolution,just as slack voice does.
出处
《语言科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2010年第5期542-552,共11页
Linguistic Sciences
基金
教育部人文社科研究项目"湖南方言实验语音学研究"(09YJC740024)的研究成果之一
香港研究资助局General Research Fund(HKUST 644509)
香港科技大学DAG(S08/09.HSS07)的资助
关键词
湘语
爆发音
发声态
常态带声
弛声
内爆声
Xiang dialects plosive phonation modal voiced slack voice implosive
