摘要
【目的】综合评价中国南方双季稻地区化肥有机肥配合施用下水稻产量及土壤肥力效应。【方法】在江西双季稻区进行连续25年的田间定位试验,比较不施肥(CK)、施用化肥(NPK)、等养分条件下70%化肥配合施用30%有机肥(70F+30M)、50%化肥配合施用50%有机肥(50F+50M)、30%化肥配合施用70%有机肥(30F+70M)的水稻产量和土壤肥力变化。【结果】有机无机肥配施,早晚稻平均产量比不施肥(CK)增产幅度为65.4%-71.5%(P<0.05),比施化肥(NPK)增产幅度为3.9%-7.8%(P<0.05),其中,以30F+70M处理产量最高,年产量达12 346.90 kg.hm-2。高量有机肥配施处理与化肥处理、低量有机肥配施处理的产量差均呈逐步增加趋势。对土壤肥力的研究表明,长期不施肥会降低土壤肥力,长期平衡单施化肥(NPK)具有明显培肥地力的作用,有机无机肥配施培肥地力作用更明显。【结论】红壤稻田系统的增产和稳产性能均以有机无机肥配施最好,高量有机肥更有利于稻田持续增产,有利于红壤稻田土壤培肥。
【Objective】The effects of organic manure application on rice yield and soil fertility in double-rice cropping region in south China were evaluated synthetically.【Method】Successive 25-year field experiments were conducted in south Jiangxi of China.Five different treatments with mixed chemical and organic fertilizers,no fertilization（CK）,N,P and K chemical fertilizers only（NPK）,70% chemical fertilizers and 30% organic manure（70F＋30M）,50% chemical fertilizers and 50% organic manure（50F＋50M）,and 30% chemical fertilizers and 70% organic manure（30F＋70M） with their replications were examined.Each N,P and K application rate was the same in all the treatments（except no fertilization in CK）.Crop-rice yield and soil fertility in each treatment were measured for comparison.【Result】During the twenty-five years plantation,organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers treatments were 65.4%-71.5%（P0.05） higher than CK,and 3.9%-7.8%（P0.05） higher than NPK treatment in yield.Rice yield of 30F＋70M treatment was the highest in all treatments,reached 12 346.90 kg·hm-2.The difference between 30F＋70M and NPK treatments in yield was widening with each passing year,the same as the 30F＋70M and 70F＋30M treatments.No fertilization for a long time result in soil fertility degeneration,there was a significant increase of soil fertility with a long-time balanced fertilization,and organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers showed the most obvious increase of soil fertility relatively.【Conclusion】In red soil area,the function and stability of organic manure application combined with chemical fertilizers on rice yield was the best among all treatments in this study.The rice yield and soil fertility could be improved under the condition of high-quantity level of the organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizers.
出处
《中国农业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期516-523,共8页
Scientia Agricultura Sinica
基金
江南丘陵区农田循环生产综合技术集成研究与示范(2007BAD89B18)
南方丘陵岗地红黄壤区沃土技术模式研究与示范(2006BAD25B08)
江西省农业科学院创新基金
关键词
水稻
有机无机肥配施
长期定位试验
产量
土壤肥力
rice
organic-inorganic fertilizer combination
long-term experiment
crop yield
soil fertility
