摘要
新疆伊犁地区是我国野果林分布的主要地段。通过野外调查和资料收集,共获得67个野果林群落样方,分析了新疆伊犁地区野果林的群落结构及其分布特征。结果表明:野果林林下物种丰富,共记录维管束植物46科141属207种。群落分类将野果林划分为野核桃林、野苹果林、野杏林和野生樱桃李林4种类型。野杏林和野生樱桃李林的物种丰富度显著高于野核桃林和野苹果林;野苹果林的乔木密度显著高于野杏林;野核桃林的平均树高显著高于野生樱桃李林;4种林型的乔木平均胸径无显著差异。野果林下维管束植物的物种丰富度随海拔升高呈显著降低趋势,平均树高和平均胸径随海拔升高而增加,立木密度与海拔关系不显著。群落排序表明,野核桃林主要分布在温度较高的区域,野苹果林主要分布在温度较低的区域,野杏林广泛分布于伊犁山地,而野生樱桃李林仅分布于水分条件优越的霍城县部分山区。目前,伊犁地区野果林受人为破坏严重,需加强保护,建议进行种质资源收集甚至迁地保护。
Ili Valley in Xinjiang is one of the distribution centers of wild fruit species in the world. In this study,the species richness and structure of wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley were analyzed based on the investigated data from 67 sample plots. The results show that Juglans regia,Malus sieversii,Armeniaca vulgaris and Prunus sogdiana forests are the main wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley. In total,207 species in 141 genera and 46 families have been recorded. Species richness is higher in the A. vulgaris and P. sogdiana forests than that in the J. regia and M. sieversii forests. Stem density of the M. sieversii forests is significantly higher than that of the A. vulgaris forests. Mean stem height （Hm） of the J. regia forests is higher than that of the P. sogdiana forests. There is no significant difference in mean stem diameter at breast height （Dm） among the four forest types. Species richness tends to decrease,whereas Hm and Dm tend to increase,and there is no significant change of stem density with the increase of altitude. The results of a canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） reveal that the J. regia forests are mainly distributed in the warm areas,whereas the M. sieversii forests in the cold regions,and the A. vulgaris forests widely across the Ili Valley. Compared with other three forest types,P. sogdiana forests are only distributed in the mountainous areas in Huocheng County,where water availability is relatively high. The wild fruit forests in the Ili Valley are suffering from the severe destruction due to the intensive human activities,and they should be protected in some ways,such as the collection of germplasm resources and ex-situ conservation.
出处
《干旱区研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期60-66,共7页
Arid Zone Research
基金
中国科学院学部重大咨询项目:新疆生态建设和可持续发展战略研究
关键词
海拔高度
气候因子
群落结构
物种丰富度
野果林
伊犁
新疆
altitude
climate factor
community structure
species richness
wild fruit forest
Ili Valley
Xinjiang
