摘要
制度移植是近代中国政治制度变迁的主要形式。宪政被移入中国后却发生了变异并最终导致失败:国家主义宪政模式背离了宪政自由主义的本质;全能主义政府背离了有限政府的宪政精神;法治变成了"法制"下的"人治"。宪政移植变异与失败的原因在于:移植制度与本土非正式制度的紧张与冲突:中国社会传统缺少宪政基因并存在着反宪政基因;移植制度不能满足本土社会发展的要求:宪政与中国现代化的冲突;移植制度缺乏生长的土壤:中国缺乏宪政生成和成长的社会经济条件;"中体西用"范式下功利主义宪政理性使宪政制度与精神相背离而仅具形式之完美。在全球化的今天,制度移植已成为发展中国家谋求政治发展的普遍形式之一,宪政移植的命运对今天中国政治发展有着重要的启示和借鉴意义。
Institution transplant was the main form of political restructuring in modem China, After being introduced to China, the constitutional polities mutated and failed finally： the nationalism pattern of constitutional politics deviated from the nature of eonstitutionalism ; the Omnipotent Government deviated from the constitutional spirit of limited government; the rule of law became ＂role by man＂ in ＂ legal system＂. The following are several reasons for mutation and failure of institution transplant： the intension and conflict between the institution transplant and native informal system existed ; China＇s traditional society lacked the indispensable factors of constitutional politics and also had the anti-constitutional ones ; the institution transplant could not meet the need of development in local society; there was a conflict between constitutionalism and Chinese modernization; the institution transplant lacked essential background to develop itself; China lacked some social and economic conditions for constitutionalism to emerge and grow; the utilitarian rationality which was in the paradigm of ＂westernized Chinese system＂ made the constitutional system deviate from its nature and only have the appearance. Today, during the process of globalization, institution transplant has become the common form for developing countries to realize their political development, and it also has great enlightenment and reference significance for present China＇s political development.
出处
《江苏行政学院学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第2期132-136,共5页
The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute
基金
教育部2010年度人文社会科学研究规划基金项目<国民政府监察院研究(1931-1949)>(10YJA770031)的中期研究成果
关键词
制度移植
宪政
变异
Institution Transplant
Constitutional Politics
Mutation
