摘要
目的 分析1993-2006年我国9个省（自治区）成年居民的饮酒状况及变化趋势。方法选取1993、1997、2000、2004和2006年在中国9个省（自治区）开展的中国居民健康与营养调查中18岁以上的成年居民作为研究对象，5轮调查中18岁以上的成年居民分别为7994、8625、9283、9780和9746名。对其饮酒状况、饮酒频率、饮酒类型以及饮酒量进行横断面分析，并分析变化趋势。结果男性居民平均饮酒率为60．2％（13201／21919），女性为9．7％（2269／23509）；男性饮酒者每口酒精摄入量为（32．2±35．6）g，女性为（14．0±19．4）g。男性饮酒者巾，小学及以下学历者饮酒率最低，5轮调查中分别为59．7％（985／1651）、58．7％（541／1604）、57．0％（889／1560）、55．3％（885／1599）和53.1％（812／1529）；但其每日酒精摄入量最高，1997、2000、2004、2006年分别为（31．1±38．2）、（39．8±42．1）、（38．9±41．3）和（38．4±43．3）g。大学及以上学历者每日酒精摄入量最低，1997、2000、2004、2006年分别为（21．9±24．5）、（28．8±30．9）、（24．6±22．0）和（25．0±26．4）g。女性饮酒者中，大专及以上学历者饮酒率最高，5轮调查中分别为21．0％（13／62）、24．5％（26／106）、16．6％（27／163）、19．7％（38／193）和18．8％（46／245），但其每日酒精摄入量较低，1997、2000、2004、2006年分别为（47±3．3）、（12．5±31．9）、（9．9±18．7）和：8．2±8．5）g；女性小学及以下学历者每日酒精摄入量较高，分别为（13．4±16．9）、（16．3±22．4）、（19．9±26．1）和（16．4±18．0）g。从地区分布来看，女性饮酒率以城市女性较高，5轮调查中分别为17．4％（110／631）、19．9％（147／740）、17．4％（129／741）、14．4％（117／814）和11．3％（88／781）。男性饮酒频率以几乎每天喝酒的比率最高，占32．6％（3533／10844）；女性饮酒频率以每周1～2次、每月1～2次、每月不多于1次为主，分别占23．0％（410／1786）、24．6％（440／1786）和21．2％（379／1786）。男性饮酒者历年均以喝白酒为主（81．8％，8875／10844），女性饮酒者葡萄酒饮用率22．3％（399／1786）高于男性的9．0％（976／10844）（X^2=280．4，P〈0．01）。42．0％（4058／9654）的男性饮洒者每日酒精摄入量≥25g，25．3％（349／1378）的女性饮酒者平均每口酒精摄入量≥15g。结论我国9个省（自治区）的成年居民饮酒率较高，男性、女性的饮洒率和饮酒量有很大的差别，且存在学历和地区差异。
Objective To understand the status and trend of alcohol consumption among adult people living in 9 provinces （ autonomous region） of China from 1993 to 2006. Methods The data was collected at the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 1993,1997,2000,2004 and 2006, the subjects with complete drinking data of adult residents were involved. The sample of subjects were 7994,8625,9283,9780 and 9746 among 5 round surveys respectively. Alcoho intake, drinking frequency, drinking type, drinking amount and trends of changing was analyzed. Results The average drinking rates were 60. 2% （13 201/21 919） and 9. 7% （2269/23 509） among male and female respectively. The average alcohol intake was （32. 2 ±35.6） g in male and （ 14.0 ± 19. 4）g in female drinkers. Male drinkers with primary and secondary schools or below education had the lowest level of drinking rate, which was 59. 7% （985/1651 ） , 58.7% （941/1604） ,57.0% （ 889/1560）, 55.4% （ 885/1599 ） and 53.1% （ 812/1529 ） in the 5 round surveys respectively. However,the average daily alcohol intake was the highest, which was （31. 1± 38.2 ）g, （ 39.8 ± 42. 1） g, （ 38.9 - 41.3 ） g and （ 38.4 ± 43.3 ） g at 1997,2000,2004,2006 respectively. The male drinkers with college or above education had the lowest alcohol intake, which was （21.9 ± 24. 5 ）g, （28.8 ± 30. 9 ） g, （ 24. 6±22.0 ） g and （ 25.0 ± 26.4 ） g in 1997,2000,2004 and 2006 respectively. Female drinkers with college or above education had the highest drinking rate, which was 21.0% （13/62）, 24. 5% （26/106）, 16. 6% （27/163）, 19.7% （ 38/193 ） and 18.8% （46/245） at 5 round surveys respectively. But their average daily alcohol intake was lowest,whlch was（4. 7 ±3.3）g, （ 12. 5 ±31.9）g, （9. 9± 18.7）g and （8.2 ± 8.5 ）g at 1997,2000,2004,2006 respectively. And the average daily alcohol intake was the highest among female drinkers with primary and secondary schools or below education, which was （ 13.4± 16. 9 ）g, （ 16. 3± 22. 4） g, （ 19. 9 ±26. 1 ） g and （ 16.4 ± 18.0 ） g respectively. According to the regional distribution, the highest drinking rate of female drinker was occurred at urban female, which was 17.4% （ 110/631 ） , 19.9% （147/740）, 17.4% （ 129/741 ）, 14. 4% （117/814） and 11.3% （88/781） at 5 round surveys. Drinking every day was most popular in male drinkers,the proportion was 32. 6% （3533/10 844）. Drinking l to 2 times per week,1 to 2 times per month,no more than 1 time per month was most popular in female drinkers, the proportion was 23.0% （410/1786）, 24. 6% （440/1786） and 21.2% （379/1786） respectively. Male drinkers liked liquor more （drinking rate was 81.8% ,8875/10 844）. The wine drinking rate of female （22. 3% ,399/1786 ） is far higher than that of male＇s （ 9. 0% ,976/10 844 ） （ X2 = 280. 4,P 〈 0.01 ）. The daily alcohol intake equal to or greater than 25 g of male drinkers was 42. 0% （4058/9654） , and the daily alcohol intake equal to or greater than 15 g of female drinkers was 25.3% （349/1378）. Conclusion The drinking rate of adults among 9 provinces （ autonomous region ） was higher than that of national average level. The drinking rate and the average alcohol consumption among male and female was significantly different. Same differences was observed among education level and different regions.
出处
《中华预防医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期323-329,共7页
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine
基金
美国国立卫生研究院科研项目（R01-HD30880,DK056350,R01-HD38700） 志谢 感谢9个省（自治区）1000多位现场调查员的辛勤工作,感谢调查对象的理解和支持
关键词
成年人
饮酒
膳食调查
Adult
Alcohol drinking
Diet surveys
