摘要
规则空间模型是一种基于统计模式识别和分类的认知诊断方法,此方法可以根据被试的作答反应,分析诊断被试的认知属性掌握情况。以往智力测验只是报告测验分数,对被试能力解释较为简单,缺乏必要的认知诊断分析。本文根据瑞文标准推理测验的难度层级特点,分析其所包含属性及其连接关系,并运用规则空间模型将所有被试划分在48种典型反应模式中,而且大部分被试都会集在几个典型反应模式中。本文对这些典型反应模式进一步分析被试的认知状态,并为教育辅导与人员选拔安排提供建议。
The cognitive diagnosis theory,which combines cognitive psychology and psychometrics and diagnoses the cognitive structure and cognitive processes of test-takers with modern statistical methods,is the theory for the New Generation of Test.With more and more attention paid to this theory,many cognitive diagnosis models have been developed.Rule Space Model(RSM),which was proposed by Japanese-American scholar Tatsuoka,is one of those famous models.With the development and application of recognition and classification techniques of statistical pattern,RSM infers test-takers' response rules from their actual response patterns,classifies them into different attribute-mastery patterns which describe their knowledge structures. Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices(R.SPM) has been proved to be one of the excellent intelligence tests,which still plays an important role in practice.Previous studies mainly focused on the application of R.SPM,such as reliability,validity,item difficulty and item discrimination.However,most of these researches were based on the Classic Test Theory(CTT).Studies on its structure were very few.Based on the characteristics of the increasing difficulty level,the current study investigated the attributes of R.SPM with the hypothesis that R.SPM is made up of 10 attributes and those which belong to the same series are conjunctively relative.We used RSM to diagnose more than 800 test-takers,and ultimately got 76 ideal response patterns,which means one can category these test-takers into 76 typical response patterns.Moreover,we also identified the test-takers' real responses. Cognitive diagnosis analysis with the method of RSM showed that 78.54% of the test-takers' cognitive statuses were mainly concentrated in seven attribute-mastery models.Many test-takers were poor at the combination of transitions,the combination of Latin square,and the combination of addition and subtraction.24.70% of the test-takers acquired the 72nd typical response patterns(1111111110),which represent the acquisition of the first nine properties and lack of the combination of addition and subtraction.23.86% of the test-takers acquired the 65th typical response patterns(1111111010),which show that the test-takers acquire eight properties and do not acquire the other two attributes—the combination of addition and subtraction and the combination of Latin square.The test-takers who obtained 52nd,54th and 64th typical response patterns were all in lack of the same couple of attributes,i.e.the combination of addition and subtraction and the combination of Latin square. The current study revealed the following advantages of Rule Space Model.First,it can evaluate the overall attribute-mastery patterns of the participants and obtain the information of the majority.Second,it helps to obtain qualitative differences of participants' cognitive status objectively.Third,according to individuals' mastery patterns,educators can make quantitative evaluation more objectively and take appropriate remedial measures.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期266-271,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(2009JJDXLX006)
广东省自然科学基金项目(9151063101000002)的资助
关键词
规则空间模型
认知诊断
认知属性
瑞文标准推理测验
Rule Space Model
cognitive diagnosis
attributes
Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices