摘要
利用前馈控制原理为花样滑冰运动技能学习拓宽视角提供有效的方法,使理论更好地为应用与实践服务。从理论上对前馈控制及干扰信息进行分析,认为花样滑冰运动技能学习实施前馈控制的关键在于对干扰信息的处理,有效学习的2个重要条件为原有知识技能的利用和信息的加工。花样滑冰运动技能学习过程中前馈控制的实施要点为理解学习情景和任务的性质,防止信息量过重;练习中恰当地利用干扰信息的积极作用,有效地克服它的消极作用。运动技能形成的不同阶段前馈控制的步骤是:认知阶段为观察示范动作,形成正确的目标意象;联系形成阶段为排除负迁移,建立准确的动作联系;自动化阶段为建立精细的动作感觉。
For further applying theory in practice,the paper tries to provide a effective method for the figure skating skills learning with a wide viewing angle by taking advantage of feed-forward control principle.After analyzing the principle and related interference factors,it thinks that the key of applying the feed-forward control in the skills learning is to deal with the interference factors.The two important conditions of effective learning are the usage of existing knowledge and the information process.The main points of applying the principle are to understand the learning situation and task particularity against overmuch information,to correctly take the positive function of interference factors against its negative influence.The feed-forward control procedure in various phases of skating skills development is;shape a correct image by observing the demonstration in cognitive phase,construct an accurate relation of various movements and overcome the negative transfer in formative phase,construct an refined skills sense in automatic phase.
出处
《冰雪运动》
2010年第5期16-19,共4页
China Winter Sports
基金
黑龙江省教育厅人文社科立项研究课题(11544112)
关键词
花样滑冰
运动技能
学习
前馈控制
figure skating
skating skills
learning
feed-forward control
