摘要
通过对我国海南、云南、广东三大植胶区橡胶产业发展情况的调研,简要阐述了科技对橡胶栽培及胶园管理的推动作用。探讨分析了橡胶栽培及胶园管理方面所面临的一些问题,如橡胶幼树整体抚管水平较低、橡胶砧木资源研究开发力度不够、橡胶树防风防寒减灾技术仍未解决、旱害逐年加重、胶园土壤肥力总体较低并呈下降趋势、低产胶园更新缓慢、胶园树龄结构不够合理、胶园生态系统研究及应用评价需加强、技术执行力度不够等问题,提出通过提高橡胶幼树整体生产水平,加快橡胶树优良砧木的选育与良种化技术研发及应用,完善橡胶树防风防寒减灾栽培技术,及时总结一套抗旱高产栽培技术,加强胶园土壤培肥与轻型肥料技术研发,建立并完善低产胶园更新周期制度,加强胶园生态功能研究及应用评价,切实贯彻执行农业部技术规程等途径,从而提升橡胶产业整体发展水平。
Based on the survey of rubber industry development in three major rubber planting provinces in China,Hainan,Yunnan and Guangdong,the effects of science and technology on promoting rubber tree cultivation and rubber plantation management were elucidated.Some problems in rubber tree cultivation and rubber plantation management were analyzed.Firstly,the administration and care during young rubber trees growth is not enough;secondly,research and utilization of rubber tree stock resources is not adequate;thirdly,the key techniques such as cold tolerance,drought resistance and wind resistance in rubber tree growth remain unsolved;fourthly,the soil fertility of rubber plantations is very low,and declines constantly.Moreover,the low renovation rate in low yield rubber plantation,improper composition of different age rubber trees,and weak study and application evaluation in social-economic-natural complex ecosystem of rubber forests existing in present rubber industry were also discussed.The suggestions were proposed as follows： improving overall production level of young rubber trees;accelerating the breeding of excellent rootstocks for rubber trees and developing cold tolerance,drought resistance,and wind resistance new rubber tree varieties;improving the rubber tree cultivation techniques with reduced weather damage such as wind prevention,cold tolerance and drought resistance;timely summarizing a set of high yield cultivation techniques in rubber trees;supplying enough fertilizers in rubber plantations and strengthening light fertilizer technology development;setting up and improving the periodical update rule of low yield rubber plantations;enhancing the research on rubber forest ecosystem＇s function and application evaluation;Performing the technical regulations from Ministries of Agriculture effectively,which aimed at promoting the overall level of natural rubber industry in China.
出处
《热带生物学报》
2011年第1期72-77,共6页
Journal of Tropical Biology
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2006-YBJ-27)
关键词
巴西橡胶树
胶园管理
栽培
产业提升
Brazil rubber tree（Hevea brasiliensis）
rubber plantation management
cultivation
industry upgrading
