摘要
熔盐电脱氧工艺是直接电解还原金属氧化物制备金属或合金的方法,以其工艺简单、环境友好、易于调控等优点广泛应用于金属及合金的制备,但该工艺目前存在电解效率低等问题。影响该方法电解效率的主要因素有:氧化物阴极导电性、O2-扩散、阴极电势、阳极材料。阴极导电性主要受氧空穴的形成,阴极晶型结构的影响,增加阴极氧空穴及有效控制晶型转变有利于增加阴极导电性,从而提高电解效率;O2-扩散影响电解反应速率,增加阴极表面积及合理选择熔盐组分可促进O2-扩散,促进电解脱氧;阴极电势和阳极材料影响阴极有效脱氧,合理控制阴极电势、选择过电位小,性质稳定的阳极材料均有利于提高电解效率。并展望了今后的研究中重点关注通过改进阴极,改进电解装置等提高电脱氧效率。
Molten salt electro-deoxidation was an electrolytic reduction extraction method of metals or alloys from metal oxides.It had several advantages,such as simple,environment friendship,easy control,etc,which made it widely used in preparing metal and alloys.However,at present,low efficiency of electrolysis was an important problem.The main influencing factors on electrolysis efficiency of the method were： oxide cathode conductivity,O2-diffusion,cathode potential,anode material.Cathode conductivity depended on the formation of oxygen vacancies and cathode crystal structure,increasing oxygen vacancies and properly controlling crystalline structure transference could improve cathode conductivity so as to increase electrolysis efficiency;electrolytic rate was affected by O2-diffusion,O2-diffusion could be promoted by the increase of cathode surface and a reasonable choice of molten salt components,then promoted electro-deoxidation;effective deoxidization was affected by cathode potential and anode materials,proper cathode potential and stable anode materials with low over potential could improve electrolysis efficiency.The future research should focus on improving the cathode and improving the devices in order to improve the electrolysis efficiency.
出处
《稀有金属》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第2期301-307,共7页
Chinese Journal of Rare Metals
基金
国家科技部"863计划"资助项目(2003AA33X210)
中央高校基本科研业务费(CDJXS11221172)资助
关键词
电解效率
导电性
扩散
电势
electrolysis efficiency
conductivity
diffusion
potential
