摘要
汶川、玉树大地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失。地震发生后,对地观测技术成为地震灾害监测与灾情评估的重要手段。本文将从三个方面论述对地观测技术在上述地震灾害评估和研究中所发挥的作用:一是利用高分辨率光学对地观测技术,建立堰塞湖、道路损毁、崩塌/滑坡/碎屑流等次生地质灾害的遥感分析方法和模型,系统监测汶川地震次生地质灾害的空间分布、损毁范围、风险程度;二是利用宽幅和干涉两种模式SAR数据,分析玉树地震的区域地质构造和岩性分布特征,获得玉树地震同震形变场大小及其空间分布信息,证明了多模式SAR在地震灾情协同分析与评价中的有效性和重要潜力;三是建立了地震灾害三维模拟评估系统,提高了对地震灾害三维模拟的精确性,为地震灾情的精确三维评估提供了系统平台。
Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes caused heavy casualties and property losses. Right after the events, earth observation techniques were applied to disaster monitoring and assessment. This paper introduces three typical results of these two earthquakes. done by the Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth （CEODE）, Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS）. Firstly, optical earth observation techniques were used in deriving locations, spatial distribution and intensities of three important secondary geological disasters including barrier lakes, damaged transportation and collapses/landslides/debris flows. Secondly, Multi-mode Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） techniques were used to analyze the regional geological structures and lithologic distribution characteristics, and then obtain sizes and spatial distribution of coseismic deformation fields in heavily hit areas during the Yushu earthquake. Finally, 3D software system for disaster simulation and assessment was developed which provided accurate and effective ways for decision-making of emergency rescues and disaster relief.
出处
《高校地质学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期1-12,共12页
Geological Journal of China Universities
基金
国家973项目(2009CB723906
2009CB723902)
国家自然科学基金项目(60972141)联合资助
关键词
对地观测
次生地质灾害
玉树地震
汶川地震
多模式SAR
earth observation
secondary geological disasters
Yushu earthquake
Wenchuan earthquake
Multi-mode SAR
