摘要
位于青藏高原腹地的黄河源地区是典型的生态环境脆弱区,该区域草地退化被认为是自然因素和人类活动共同作用的结果,并且人类活动起主导作用。牧民作为牧区最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,对草地退化的感知和应对措施对草地资源的可持续发展和牧区可持续发展具有重要意义。本文采用参与式农村评估法对黄河源地区达日县143户牧户进行调查,分析牧户对气候变化和草地退化的感知、响应、应对措施,以及牧户草场建设的参与性等。结果表明:牧民对气候变化感知敏锐,特别是极端天气变化感知强烈;牧户对草地退化意识较强,但对草地退化原因理解不够全面,需要政府的大力宣传及引导;牧民对草地退化治理措施感知各异,多从自身需求考虑,因此偏向于对自己有利的措施,如草场建设、补饲等措施增强了牲畜抵抗风险的能力,得到牧户认可;牧民对政府政策不完全认可,今后的工作应加强以牧民利益为主的措施,拓展牧民生计方式,才能真正调动牧民积极性,使当地的退化草地得以恢复,经济得到发展,从而走上可持续发展道路。
The source region of the Yellow River,located in the hinterland of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a typical ecological fragile area.Grassland rangeland degradation results primarily from climate change and human-induced activities.Moreover,the later would have a greater influence in some cases.Herdsmen are the main economic agent and basic unit of decision-making in this region,whose perception and adaptive strategy of grassland degradation are vital to sustainable development of grassland resources and pastoral areas.The authors chose Dalag County as a representative ecological fragile area in the source region of the Yellow River.Using the Participatory Rural Appraisal（PRA） method,the authors made an attempt to analyze herdsmen’s perception on climate change and grassland degradation so as to understand their attitudes and adaptive strategies to corresponding consequences.PRA aims to incorporate local knowledge and opinions by informal interviewing local people.During the PRA,the investigator and the respondent fully participate in processes including information collection,question identification and analysis,and decision-making.In this study,143 households among seven towns were investigated in Dalag County.Quantitative methods were used to analyze inception,response,and adaptation of herdsmen to climate change and grassland degradation.Major findings are given as 1） herdsmen are sensitive to climate change,especially to extreme weather.Seasonal differences and abnormal climate change may bring a larger adverse influence to them.2） Herdsmen are sensitive to grassland degradation.About 76.22% of herdsmen are aware of grassland degradation.However,they do not seem to understand the underlying mechanisms of grassland degradation.3） Herdsmen have different perception to different control measures of grassland degradation.They tend to be in favor of measures increasing their benefits,such as pasture land construction and supplementary feeding,which can strengthen the livestock’s resistance ability to risks.4） Herdsmen do not fully accept government policies since the policies are often highlighting conservation while less emphasizing herdsmen’s economic benefits.It is suggested that the policy can also account for herdsmen’s benefits and improve herdsmen’s livelihood in order to get local people involved in sustainable development
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期942-949,共8页
Resources Science
基金
国家重点基础发展计划(编号:2010CB951704)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:40771206)
关键词
草地退化
气候变化
牧民感知
黄河源地区
青藏高原
Grassland-degradation
Climatethe Yellow River
The Qinghai-Tibet Plateauchange
Herdsmen＇ s perception
Source Region of
