摘要
在对宁夏灌区种植业、畜牧业、工业与居民生活排污源实地调查的基础上,结合各地区2005-2008年统计资料及已有对污染源结构的研究成果,利用统计分析和G IS技术方法,分析宁夏灌区种植业、畜牧业、工业与生活四方面的污染源的污染物的类型、排放方式及途径,并应用SPSS 13.0、ArcG IS 9.3地理信息系统空间分析软件及主成分分析和空间结构分布分析方法,研究该区农田污染源结构特征,把污染源组成分布与变化趋势采用数字化和可视化的形式展现出来,通过颜色的深浅递进将种植业、畜牧业、工业与生活四大类污染源区分出轻度、中度、重度等结构类别,最终将所研究的4个方面的污染源分别对应到灌区内各个县市。结果表明,宁夏灌区各项污染源的区域分布表现不同,且各县市污染程度按以下列出顺序依次递减,即,种植业污染源区域主要包括平罗县、中宁县;畜牧业污染源区域主要包括青铜峡市、吴忠市、平罗县;工业污染源区域主要包括中卫市、青铜峡市、吴忠市;生活污染源区域主要包括银川市、石嘴山市。该研究方法把青铜峡市、永宁县、银川市等灌区各县市污染源结构组成差异与变化趋势清晰地表示出来,对直观认识宁夏灌区黄河水污染源结构,寻求防治污染的方法途径有一定的引导作用,可为进一步开展农业污染综合防控,进行清洁生产,并为黄河水的污染防治提供参考。
Increasing economy is worsening the pollution situation in vital and fragile irrigable farmland area in Ningxia China. To improve the production and keep sustainable development in the area, effective control of pollution is very important. However, the sources, intensity and features of pollution in the specific area are unclear which hinder the development of any measures for pollution control. Clarifying the structural characteristics of pollution sources is the key to prevent and control pollution. First, an elaborate survey was conducted to get the outline of the current situation of agricultural production in the irrigable farmland area in Ningxia. Based on the survey, and with GIS and statistic analysis of related data of onsite investigation and the statistical yearbook, the pollution sources in the area were classified as four parts including farming, animal husbandry, industry and household. The representative sources of pollution which include the fertilization of phosphorus and nitrogen in the area of crop-plantation, the quantity of excrement produced in animal husbandry, the quantity of industrial sewage in industry, the total quantity of human excrement and domestic sewage in human life were chosen as analysis of objects. Then the structural characteristics of pollution sources in this area were disclosed with complete principal component analysis and space structural distribution analysis by SPSS 13.0 and spatial analysis software for geographical information system, such as ArcGIS9.3. The scope of irrigation districts along the Yellow River was marked out in the map of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. In the marked scope, the different regions was subject to different pollution. According to the analyzing result of the statistical data of each pollution source, the selected region of map was divided and marked in different color depending on the degree of contamination. The distribution features and the shift trend of the pollution sources in different counties or cities in the area were revealed clearly. The pollution degrees in the four parts were displayed as mild, moderate, and severe in terms of gradient of color intensity, which represented the mild, moderate, and severe pollution degrees, respectively. The results indicated that： the pollution intensity and trend of changes from the four sources （ farming, animal husbandry, industry and household ） are quite different in each county or city. The condition of pollution in the specific region in the area are showed as following： the pollution from farming occurred mainly in Pingluo county and Zhongning county; the pollution caused by animal husbandry falls mainly in Qingtongxia City, Wuzhong city and Pingluo county; the industry pollution occurred mainly in Zhongwei city, Qingtongxia city and Wuzhong city; and the household pollution is serious in Yinchuan City and Shizuishan city. And it is also revealed by the color in the map that the degree from any pollution source in each county or city decreases in the above order in the research area. Our present method clearly denoted the structure differences and the shift trends of the pollution sources in Qingtongxia City, Yongning county and Yinchuan City, and etc. The results may provide references for agricultural pollution control, clean production and the pollution control of Yellow River in the future.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第12期3468-3477,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07212-004-01-3)
关键词
宁夏灌区
污染源
结构特征
生态农业
Ningxia irrigation area
pollution source
structure characteristic
ecological agriculture
