摘要
用石腊制片法,对普通小麦“中国春”Triticum aestivum Lcv.ChineseSpring和簇毛麦Dasypyrum villosum (L) Candargy杂交的受精和早期胚胎发育进行了观察。结果表明, 簇毛麦花粉在小麦柱头上萌发良好, 花粉管可顺利长入花柱和胚囊。观察的210个小麦子房中, 13.81% 发生了双受精, 产生胚和胚乳; 16.19% 发生了卵细胞单受精,只产生胚而无胚乳;4.76% 发生了极核单受精,产生胚乳而无胚; 总受精率为34.76% ,成胚率为30.00% 。由于胚乳发育滞后于合子发育,生理不协调,胚乳缺乏或发育异常或解体, 最终难以获得有生活力的种子。在授粉后7～11d对杂种幼胚通过组织培养, 实行离体拯救, 会提高杂种植株的获得率, 为成功的簇毛麦外源基因转移到小麦中提供杂种生殖生物学证据。
Using Triticum aestivum L.cv.Chinese Spring pollinated with Dasypyrum villosum (L.)Candargy,fertilization and early embryo development were observed.The pollens of D.villosum germinated normally on the stigma of T.aestivum ,and the pollen tubes grew into the style and entered the embryo sacs.Of the 210 ovaries observed,13 81% were double fertilization and had both embryo and endosperm,and 16 19% had only embryo and 4 76% had only endosperm.The total rate of fertilization was 34 76%,while the total rate of embryo formation was 30 00%.Because the endosperm development was slower than that of the embyo,the endosperms were abnormal or were absenct or vanished later,it was very difficult to produce viable mature seeds.If embryo reskue technique was employed at the early stage of hybrid embryo development 7 11d after pollination,it could increase greatly the frequency of hybrid plant survival.Cytoembryological evidence was given to demonstrate the high frequencies of fertilization and embryo formation in the cross between wheat and D.villosum.
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第4期20-24,共5页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
四川省教季重点科研项目
关键词
普通小麦
簇毛麦
远缘杂交
受精
胚胎发育
小麦
Triticum aestivum
Dasypyrum villosum
wide hybridization
fertilization
embryo development
