摘要
目的通过对某硫酸生产企业职业病危害控制效果评价,探讨适用于职业病危害分析与控制的"危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP)"体系。方法对硫酸生产企业进行工程分析和职业卫生调查,识别各种职业病危害因素,通过职业病危害因素检测、健康监护分析其危害程度。运用HACCP原理找出职业病危害关键控制点,提出预防控制技术并验证其效果。结果硫酸生产企业存在的职业病危害因素主要有化学毒物、电焊烟尘、噪声、高温、工频电磁场和微波等,其中化学毒物主要包括硫、二氧化硫、三氧化硫及硫酸、五氧化二钒、氨、盐酸、氢氧化钠、二氧化氯、氮氧化物和一氧化碳等。检测结果除了发现转化器、一吸塔底及顶出口和装车台三氧化硫及其硫酸短时间接触浓度(分别为7.8、9.6、2.2和3.8 mg/m3)超过职业接触限值,其他职业病危害因素检测结果均低于职业接触限值。针对危害情况,从工程防护、个人防护、管理防护三方面提出危害的关键控制点实施监控。经验证,可有效控制硫酸生产企业职业病危害。结论 HACCP可以运用到建设项目职业病危害分析与控制中,为预防、控制和监督工业企业职业病危害提供科学依据。
Objective To explore the possibility of using hazard analysis and critical control point（HACCP） as a suitable system for analysis and control of occupational hazard through the assessment of control effect on occupational hazards in the sulphuric acid plant.Methods Occupational hazards were identified using the engineering analysis and occupational health survey.Occupational hazards were analyzed by working environment monitoring and health survey.The key control points and their control measures were determined and checked with an improved HACCP system.Results The main occupational hazards existed in the sulphuric acid plant were chemicals,electric welding dust,noise,high temperature,frequency electromagnetic field and microwave.The chemicals included sulphur,sulfur dioxide,sulfur trioxide,sulphuric acid,vanadium pentoxide,ammonia,hydrochloric acid,sodium hydrate,chlorine dioxide,nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide.The short-time concentrations of sulfur trioxide and sulphuric acid at a converter,top and bottom outlets of absorbing tower,loading platform were 7.8,9.6,2.2 and 3.8 mg/m^3,respectively,which exceeded the occupational exposure limits.Others occupational hazards in the workplaces were below the occupational exposure limits.The occupational hazards were controlled using engineering protection,personal protective equipment and management protection,the critical control points above could be certainly effective in controlling occupational hazards in the sulphuric acid plant.Conclusion HACCP can be well applied in the analysis and control of occupational hazards in construction projects,which could provide a scientific basis for the prevention,control and supervision of occupational hazards in the industrial enterprises.
出处
《中国卫生工程学》
CAS
2011年第3期198-201,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering
