摘要
根据三次Landsat遥感数据,应用GIS空间分析方法,分析了1975-2000年珠峰地区定日县常年积雪变化特征,并探讨其与气候变化之间的关系。结果表明,1975-2000年间定日县内常年积雪总计减少了7.49%,减少面积为105.35km2,主要发生在珠峰及其周围高大山体常年积雪覆盖的边缘地区,其中,海拔5 000～6 000m之间减少最多,占减少总面积的70%左右。气温和降水量变化是导致常年积雪变化的主要因素,特别是在全球变暖的大背景下,珠峰地区的气温上升趋势是其主要驱动因子。气温升高导致珠峰及周围高大山脉边缘的冰川和常年积雪不断消融,加上1980年代的降水量相对较少,使得1975-1992年常年积雪面积不断减少;但1990年代后期降水量增加显著,研究区东南部海拔相对较低的区域有较多的积雪累积,1993-2000年常年积雪面积略有增加。
The perennial snow cover changes in Tingri County of core zone of Qomolangma Nature Preserve（QNP） were studied and the relationships with main climate variables（temperature,precipitation） are analyzed using the GIS spatial analysis and three times Landsat data from 1975 to 2000.Results showed that perennial snow cover in Tingri county reduceed by 7.49%,105.35 km2 from 1975 to 2000,which mainly occurred on the edge of Mt.Qomolangma and its surrounding high mountains.Around 70% of reduceed areas were situated from 5 000 to 6 000 m above sea level.Driving forces of snow cover retreat is temperature and precipitation and particularly,on the background of globe climate warming,the temperature in QNP increase higher than Tibet Autonomous Region.China and global is the main driving force.Perennial snow cover in Tingri decreased from 1407.19 km2 in 1975 to 1283.60 km2 in 1992.In 1975,the perennial snow cover in Tingri is 10.08 % of total county land area while in 1992 it decreased to 9.20%.The total perennial snow cover deceased 123.59 km2 from 1975 to 1992.From 1992 to 2000 the perennial snow cover slightly increased with 18.24 km2 of net increase from 1283.60 km2 in 1992 to 1301.84 km2 in 2000.Analysis on climate change indicate that the temperature from 1970 to 2000 was continuously increasing with 2.59 ℃ on average in 1970s,2.64 ℃ in 1980s and 3.12 ℃ in 1990s.The general trend of precipitation is that annual rainfall was decreasing from 1970s to 1980s with 318.5 mm in 1970s and 258.3 mm in 1980s while it was consecutively increasing after 1993 with 310.6 mm on average in 1990s.The spatial distribution of perennial snow cover change in Tingri is that most decline in snow cover from 1975 to 2000 occurred on the edge of Qomolangma mountain and its surrounding high mountains.The most increased snow cover from 1992 to 2000 is mainly distributed in the southeastern part of study area where relatively low altitude.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期576-582,共7页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
中国气象局成都高原气象开放实验室基金项目(LPM2010003)
西藏自治区重点科技计划项目(201015)
中国科学院院地合作项目"西藏东南部典型地区冰川作用湖泊变化灾害预警研究"共同资助
关键词
珠峰地区
常年积雪
气候变化
Perennial snow cover
Climate change
Qomolangma Nature Preserve
