摘要
利用对沥青、水泥、裸地和草地等4种城市下垫面地表温度的2年观测资料,系统分析了4种城市下垫面地表温度年变化特征及其影响因素,建立了地表温度模拟模型。主要结果:(1)4种城市下垫面日平均温度、日最高温度、日最低温度的年变化特征总体与气温一致,不同下垫面间温度差异在夏半年均大于冬半年。(2)沥青、水泥、裸地和草地的日平均温度、日最高温度全年均高于气温,以沥青最强,水泥次之,裸地和草地较弱,日最低温度与气温差异不大,表明典型城市下垫面对大气具有一定的加热作用。(3)总云量、日平均相对湿度、日照时数等气象因子对4种下垫面温度的影响较大,云量总体上对地表以降温作用为主,相对湿度则相反。总云量和日平均相对湿度对裸地和草地等透水性下垫面温度变化影响较大。(4)4种下垫面各温度参数依赖于日平均、日最高、日最低气温、日照时数、日平均相对湿度、总云量等影响因子的回归模拟方程中,复相关系数均在0.809～0.971之间,且均通过置信度为0.99的F检验。
Based on the observed 2-year temperature data of four typical urban underlying surfaces,namely,asphalt,cement,bare land and grass land,annual variations and influencing factors of the land surfaces were analyzed.Then simulation models of surface temperature were established.Results are shown as follows.（1） The annual variation of daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature and daily temperature range of the four urban underlying surfaces is consistent with the change of air temperature;the difference of temperature in the summer half year（May—Oct.） is much more obvious than that in the winter half year（Dec.—Apr.）.（2） The daily average and maximum temperature values of asphalt,cement,bare land and grass land are higher than air temperature due to the heating of the atmosphere in the daytime,with asphalt being the highest,followed by cement,bare land and grass land,respectively.（3） The daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature of the four urban underlying surfaces are strongly affected by the total cloud amount,daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours,with the total cloud amount playing a role in cooling the land surface and the relative humidity playing a part in warming the land surface.The temperature changes of bare land and grass land are influenced by the total cloud amount and the daily average relative humidity.（4） The temperature parameters of the four land surfaces are significantly correlated with the daily average temperature,daily maximum temperature,daily minimum temperature,sunshine hours,daily average relative humidity and total cloud amount.The analysis also indicated that the fitting parameter of a linear regression equation between the temperature of the four kinds of typical land surface and the atmospheric temperature is between 0.809 and 0.971 and passes the F-test at a confidence level of 0.99.
出处
《热带气象学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期373-378,共6页
Journal of Tropical Meteorology
基金
基于模型的干旱动态监测评估方法和业务系统(CMATG2009MS22)资助
关键词
应用气象
模拟分析
城市下垫面
地表温度
applied meteorology
simulation analysis
urban underlying surface
land surface temperature
