摘要
海上溢油近年来已成为恶化海洋生态环境、导致重大海洋资源损失的一种重要海洋灾害。海面溢油量是评价海上溢油事故威胁程度和确定溢油事故等级的重要指标,而溢油面积和油膜厚度的准确获得是评估溢油量的基础。文中系统总结了当今国内外海洋溢油面积和油膜厚度的监测方法,认为航空遥感和卫星遥感技术是获取海上油膜面积的有效手段,基于光学遥感和超声波原理的激光声学遥感器是最具发展潜力的油膜厚度测量技术。此外,通过构建油膜扩展模型来估算油膜厚度也不失为一种简单而有效的方法,其最大特点是应用范围广,不受时空、气候条件影响,实例分析验证结果有很高的准确性(高达96%),这种方法将有望于业务化监测运行来获取油膜厚度,从而比较准确地获得溢油量。
In recent years,marine oil spill has been an important disaster for marine environment and marine resources.Marine oil spill quantity is the important indicator for evaluating the threat and the level of oil spill,with the oil spill area and film thickness are the key parameters for it.The present detection methods for these two parameters are introduced in detail,resulting that the remote sensing technology is the most effective means for oil spill area and the laser-acoustic sensor which based on principles of optical remote sensing and ultrasonic is the most promising measurement for oil slick thickness.Moreover,as a new method,constructing a spreading model for estimating the film thickness has a great potential to be widely used in large-scale business promotion due to its wide range of applications and high accuracy up to 96%.With the development of this technology,assessment of marine oil spill quantity will become increasingly standardized and systematic in future.
出处
《海洋技术》
北大核心
2011年第2期50-54,58,共6页
Ocean Technology
基金
国家海洋公益性项目(20080513)
国家海洋局海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估重点实验室开放基金(200912)
关键词
获取方法
油膜厚度
溢油面积
溢油量
capture method
oil slick thickness
oil spill area
oil spill quantity
