摘要
目的探讨实施健康教育对控制糖尿病视网膜病变患者危险因素的效果。方法由经过糖尿病专科护士培训的人员对2005年10月至2008年10月在华中科技大学同济医学院附属荆州医院内分泌科及眼科住院的134例糖尿病视网膜病变患者实施健康教育,健康教育内容包括饮食指导、运动治疗、药物治疗、胰岛素笔使用方法、糖尿病自我监测、血糖仪使用方法、糖尿病足部护理、糖尿病视网膜病变相关知识教育及心理护理等。教育前及健康教育1年结束后对研究对象的糖尿病视网膜病变相关危险因素进行评价并记入健康档案。结果接受1年的健康教育后,患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白值均低于教育前,达标人数较教育前增多,尿微量白蛋白异常和吸烟、饮酒的人数比教育前减少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);教育前后患者的胆固醇、体质指数及糖尿病视网膜病变进展差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论健康教育能有效控制糖尿病视网膜病变患者血压、空腹血糖、三酰甘油、高密度脂蛋白、胆固醇异常等危险因素,提高了患者的依从性及自我管理能力,延缓了糖尿病视网膜病变的发展。因此,应重视对糖尿病视网膜病变患者的健康教育。
Objective To investigate the effects of health education in controlling the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.Methods From October 2005 to October 2008,specialized nurses in diabetes mellitus（DM） were employed to educate 134 patients suffering from diabetic retinopathy on its risk factors in the departments of endocrinology and ophthalmology.The health education included dietary guidance,exercise therapy,drug therapy,use of insulin pen,self-monitoring of diabetes,use of glucometer,nursing of diabetic foot,diabetic retinopathy related knowledge,education and psychological nursing.The risk factors related to diabetic retinopathy were evaluated and recorded before and after one year of such education.Results After one year of education,the values of fasting blood glucose（FBG）,2 hours post-prandial blood glucose,glycated hemoglobin（HbAlc） were significantly decreased;the number of qualified people increased and the number of people with microalbuminuria（MAU）,smoking cessation and alcohol abstinence decreased（P0.05 or P0.01）.However,no statistically significant difference could be witnessed in indicators of cholesterol level,body mass index and the progression of diabetic retinopathy（P0.05）.Conclusion As an effective intervention,health education can help control the risk factors like BP,FBG,2 hours post-prandial blood glucose,HbAlc,triglyceride,HDL and MAU,improves patients＇ compliance and self-management ability,delays the progression of diabetic retinopathy and enhances patients＇ quality of life.As a result,attention should be attached to health education in the patients with diabetic retinopathy.
出处
《解放军护理杂志》
2011年第14期9-12,共4页
Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army
基金
湖北省卫生厅护理科研基金资助(200619)
