摘要
土地利用平衡问题的产生大多由经济发展的驱动所引起,而用地间的相互消、长形成最终的土地利用格局。本文采用历史统计、资料文献及未来经济发展设想等数据,运用数理统计方法,分析了近10年重庆土地利用的平衡格局及未来情景,结果表明:①重庆直辖10年间,主要土地利用格局体现为建设用地的快速增加和耕地资源的持续减少,且建设用地扩张带来的二、三产业产值和拉动固定资产的投资率较低。期间,土地利用平衡着重考虑盘活存量,少占耕地的集约"增效"途经,以及整理开源增加耕地或其它农用地的"减压"举措;②对比重庆未来土地需求与供给情景,2007年-2020年间,满足经济跨越式发展的适应性建设用地需求为16.87万hm2,而总共后备资源的适应性现实潜力,折算前也才仅有12.61万hm2,供需前缺口高达4.25万hm2,为此,必须探索"节流"与"开源"的新路子;③借助新的经济发展环境和政策导向,做好耕地流转集约"开源"置换建设占用耕地,跨县域甚至跨区域的农村宅基地置换城镇住房,耕作层熟土剥离转换建设占用的支撑视角,可平衡重庆未来的土地利用情景,开辟增加耕地新渠道,统一城乡建设用地配置,确保建设占用和农业生产的用地需求。
Problems of land-use balances occur due primarily to economic development. Chongqing is the economic center and ecological barrier of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and has the existing situation of ＂big city, big village＂. Under such environments, Chongqing must be faced with problems of land-use balances in the course of economic development. Hence, it was urgent to address these problems for meeting the building land demand for coordinative urban-rural development, especially the building of ＂the Yangtze River and the Jialing River＂ New Area. The patterns of land use are subject to the coupling functions among different land-use types. Based on historical statistical data, literatures and future economic anticipation, the authors analyzed recent 10-year balances of land use and their future scenarios in Chongqing using statistical methods. Results show that during the recent 10 year, rapid increases in building land and continuous decreases in cultivation land were the major land transformation types. Increases in the secondary and tertiary industry value and fixed assets investment were low, which is associated with the expansions of building land. During the periods, the balances of land use were placed more emphasis on using the existing building land, occupying less cultivation land, and increasing cultivation land and other agricultural land by land consolidation. Comparing the future scenarios of land supply and demand of Chongqing, the demand for suitable building land is 1686.68 km2 during the period 2007-2020, in order to meet a great leap-forward development. The availability potential of total reserved land resources is merely 1261.40 km2, before the number is converted. Thus, the gap between supply and demand is 425.29 km2. Therefore, the new ways of ＂increase income and reduce expenditure＂ must be found. Using new economic environments and policy orientation, future scenarios of land-use balances will focus on the following priority areas. The increase of land area and productivity, resulting in cultivation land transferring, can be used to replace building land. Rural homestead replacing urban houses will occur in inter-county even inter-region. Soils are cleared in the plow layer and covered in other land surfaces; therefore building does not occupy the plow layer even though it covers cultivation land. These measures can open up new channels to increase cultivation land, use flexibly urban and rural building land, and ensure the land demand for building occupation and agricultural production. Policy implications of this study can help address this question： How can we balance the future patterns of land use in Chongqing, so as to harmonize the conflicts among ＂food security, economic security and ecological security＂
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第8期1591-1599,共9页
Resources Science
基金
"十一五"科技支撑项目:"三峡库区土地利用对农业面源污染物消纳的影响与示范"(编号:2007BAD87B10)
重庆市教委基础/应用基础研究项目:"三峡工程移民区土地利用变化的移民需求驱动分析"(编号:KJ090805)
教育部人文社科青年基金项目:"三峡库区土地流转的农户意愿响应与政策需求行为"(编号:10YJCZH122)
关键词
土地利用
未来情景
占补平衡
重庆
Land use
Future scenarios
Requisition-compensation balance
Chongqing
